Single-Interface Charging Circuit With Bidirectional Switching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electronic control circuits for battery charging have issues with low precision in boosted output voltage, unstable and small continuous output current, lack of under-voltage protection, and are prone to damage from frequent plugging and unplugging, leading to resource waste and environmental pollution.
Innovation Solution
A single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit with a power management unit, field effect transistors, capacitors, resistors, a diode, and an inductor, which includes features like automatic switching, high-precision voltage regulation, and under-voltage protection, enabling efficient and stable charging and discharging of lithium or lead-acid batteries with a single interface.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If dual-interfaces are used for charging and discharging, then charging and discharging functions are provided, but the interface is prone to damage from frequent plugging and unplugging
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a single interface that can perform both charging and discharging functions by using a power management unit with bidirectional power flow capability. The single interface replaces traditional dual-interface designs, allowing the same physical connection to handle both power input and power output operations, thereby reducing mechanical wear from repeated plugging and unplugging while maintaining full functional capability.
2Power
If existing power supplies are used, then basic charging is provided, but the output current is unstable and cannot maintain continuous current above 3A
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a power management unit with feedback control mechanisms that continuously monitor the output current and adjust the power delivery accordingly. This feedback system ensures stable current output by detecting variations and making real-time corrections, enabling the system to maintain continuous current above 3A reliably while protecting connected devices from current fluctuations.
3Ease of operation
If dual-interfaces are used, then input and output are separated, but the circuit complexity increases and precision of boosted output voltage decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a single interface design where the power management unit handles both input and output operations through bidirectional power flow control. This approach reduces circuit complexity compared to dual-interface designs while maintaining operational clarity through software-controlled function switching, thereby preserving voltage precision without requiring separate physical interfaces.
4Power
If existing circuits are used, then basic power management is provided, but under-voltage protection for lithium battery is lacking
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates under-voltage protection functionality within the power management unit that proactively monitors battery voltage levels and prevents discharge below safe thresholds. This preliminary protective action is built into the control logic, automatically activating before damage can occur, thereby eliminating the need for external protection circuits while enhancing battery safety.
Data Source
AI summary
A single-interface charging-discharging switchable circuit comprising a power management unit U1, field effect transistors Q1˜Q2, capacitors C1˜C5, resistors R1˜R8, a diode D1 and an inductor L1. The product fills the gap in the market where there is no automatic charging-discharging switching circuit with the same interface, which enables the same interface (VCC/GND) to realize discharging and charging functions. The circuit of the disclosure is simple and has broad application prospects. The product of the disclosure uses a 5V-30V power supply to charge, and mobile phone adapters, portable power supply and other 5V power supply can be used as chargers. It is not limited by the 5V voltage of the traditional power supply, and the range of the input voltage of charging is wide.