Single MRI Acquisition for Simultaneous R1, R2, and Diffusion Measurement
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods produce qualitative images, leading to subjective and inaccurate measurements of physical properties like R1, R2 relaxation rates and proton density, which are essential for objective tissue recognition and quantification.
Innovation Solution
A method for simultaneously estimating R1, R2 relaxation times, proton density, and apparent diffusion coefficient using a single magnetic resonance acquisition, employing specific sensitizing phases and gradient echo sequences to acquire multiple imaging volumes in parallel, allowing for absolute scale measurements independent of scanner settings.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional MRI methods are used to acquire multiple sequences for measuring physical properties, then measurement comprehensiveness is improved, but scanning time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple MRI sequences (inversion recovery SSFP for T1, multi-gradient echo for T2 and PD, and diffusion-weighted imaging for ADC) into a single integrated acquisition sequence. This merging allows simultaneous measurement of T1, T2, PD, and ADC parameters within one scanning session, resolving the contradiction between comprehensive measurement and scanning time by acquiring all necessary data in parallel rather than sequentially
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a universal MRI sequence that performs multiple functions simultaneously: it acquires T1-weighted images through inversion recovery, T2-weighted images through gradient echo, proton density images, and diffusion-weighted images all within a single sequence. This multi-functional approach eliminates the need for separate specialized sequences, achieving comprehensive physical property measurement without proportionally increasing scanning time
2Ease of operation
If conventional MRI produces qualitative images with relative intensity scale, then ease of acquisition is maintained, but measurement objectivity deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms the MRI output from qualitative relative intensity scales to quantitative absolute parameter measurements. By implementing specific pulse sequences with known physical parameters (inversion times, echo times, flip angles) and applying appropriate signal models, the system calculates absolute values for T1, T2, PD, and ADC parameters. This parameter transformation maintains ease of acquisition through automated processing while achieving objective measurements that are independent of scanner settings and operator interpretation
3Measurement precision
If multiple separate MRI sequences are used to measure different physical properties, then measurement accuracy is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple specialized sequences into a single integrated sequence that performs T1 measurement (inversion recovery), T2 measurement (gradient echo), PD measurement, and ADC measurement simultaneously. This consolidation reduces the number of separate sequences and processing pipelines needed, thereby reducing overall system complexity while maintaining the measurement accuracy of each individual parameter through dedicated sequence elements within the unified framework
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid and objective measurement of physical properties on an absolute scale, reducing user dependence and enhancing the accuracy of tissue characterization, such as distinguishing between brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid.
Implementation Method 1
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can generate cross-sectional images in any plane (including oblique planes). Medical MRI most frequently relies on the relaxation properties of excited hydrogen nuclei (protons) in water and fat.
Implementation Method 2
A method for simultaneously estimating R1, R2 relaxation times, proton density, and apparent diffusion coefficient using a single magnetic resonance acquisition, employing specific sensitizing phases and gradient echo sequences to acquire multiple imaging volumes in parallel
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2~3c
Figure 4a
AI summary
Magnetic resonance imaging methods and apparatus for simultaneous measurement of the physical properties R1 and R2 relaxation rate, proton density, and apparent diffusion coefficient using a single magnetic resonance acquisition.