Single-Outlet High-Pressure Nozzle for Uniform Fire Spray
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing high-pressure fire extinguishing systems using multi-hole atomiser nozzles suffer from non-uniform spray distribution, high water and energy consumption, and are costly to manufacture, while also posing risks due to small droplet dispersion and high velocities, which can be harmful upon impact.
Innovation Solution
A nozzle design featuring a single outlet with a swirling motion chamber and strategically placed openings to increase velocity and create a turbulent flow, resulting in a high degree of atomisation with smaller droplets, reducing velocity and improving uniformity, and made from durable materials to withstand high pressures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If multi-hole atomiser nozzles are used to increase the number of droplets, then the degree of atomisation is improved, but the spray becomes poorly uniform and disperses on a relatively large surface
Solution Approach 1:
The nozzle uses a single outlet hole that segments the water stream into numerous droplets through hydraulic atomisation. The single hole design with optimized dimensions (diameter 0.5-2mm) and edge geometry creates a large number of small droplets (30-50 μm) while maintaining spray uniformity, avoiding the dispersion problems of multi-hole designs.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes critical parameters including the outlet hole diameter (0.5-2mm), the ratio between outlet diameter and chamber diameter (0.05-0.2), and the edge geometry (sharp edge with specific angles). These parameter changes enable high-degree atomisation with a single hole, achieving both high droplet count and spray uniformity.
2Quantity of substance
If the size of droplets is decreased to increase atomisation effectiveness, then the extinguishing effectiveness increases, but drag force increases and prevents advancement of the spray
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes droplet size parameters to achieve an optimal balance. The outlet hole diameter (0.5-2mm) and its ratio to chamber diameter (0.05-0.2) are specifically designed to produce droplets of 30-50 μm, which provides sufficient atomisation effectiveness while limiting drag force to acceptable levels for spray advancement.
3Quantity of substance
If high pressure is used to atomise water, then the degree of atomisation increases, but the velocity of the spray increases making it harmful upon impact
Solution Approach 1:
The invention uses specific geometric parameters to decouple atomisation quality from spray velocity. The outlet hole diameter (0.5-2mm), the sharp edge geometry (with specific angles), and the chamber dimensions create intense atomisation at high pressure while the geometry dissipates kinetic energy, reducing impact velocity to safe levels.
4Reliability
If known multi-hole atomiser nozzles are used, then sufficient extinguishing effectiveness is achieved, but they are expensive and difficult to manufacture
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges multiple functions into a single outlet hole design. Instead of using multiple separate holes that require precise alignment and are difficult to manufacture, a single hole with optimized dimensions and edge geometry performs atomisation, velocity control, and spray uniformity functions, significantly simplifying manufacturing while maintaining effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes from a multi-hole configuration to a single-hole configuration with specific optimized parameters (diameter 0.5-2mm, edge angles, chamber dimensions). This parameter change dramatically reduces manufacturing complexity and cost while maintaining or improving atomisation effectiveness through precise geometric control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The nozzle achieves a high degree of atomisation with smaller droplets, reducing water consumption and energy use, while ensuring safety by slowing down the spray, meeting NFPA-750 standards and maintaining efficiency over time.
Implementation Method 1
The nozzle (1) may be supplied with a liquid L, preferably water, at high pressure
Implementation Method 2
configured so that the jet flowing out from the nozzle (1) is a spray of atomised liquid
Implementation Method 3
strategically placed openings to increase velocity and create a turbulent flow, resulting in a high degree of atomisation with smaller droplets
Implementation Method 4
a single outlet with a swirling motion chamber and strategically placed openings
Implementation Method 5
drag force is the main force which prevents the advancement of an atomised water spray in the air, and this friction increases as the size of the drops decreases
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3
Figure 4
AI summary
An atomiser nozzle which can be fluidically connected with means for supplying a high-pressure liquid (L) comprising an inlet (11) for the high-pressure liquid (L), an outlet (17) for the spray of atomised liquid and a fluidic connection line (10) extending between them. The fluidic connection line (10) comprises at least one first duct (14) fluidically connected with said inlet (11), an operating chamber (16) arranged downstream of said at least a first duct (12) and a plurality of first openings (15) for fluidically connecting the duct (14) and the operating chamber (16) configured so that the liquid (L) flowing out from the former (14) flows into the latter (16). The operating chamber (16) comprises a single outlet opening (17) with small section so that the liquid (L) flowing out therefrom is atomised liquid.