Single Particle Analyzer Using Resistive Pulse Sensing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for identifying viruses and bacteria, such as PCR, DNA chips, and ELISA, lack precision in distinguishing particles based on size and shape, which is crucial for accurate detection.
Innovation Solution
A single particle analyzing device with a measuring vessel divided into two chambers by an insulating membrane, featuring a pore that connects them, allowing electric current to flow between electrodes, enabling precise measurement of particle size and shape by analyzing changes in electric current as particles pass through the pore.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional methods (PCR, DNA chip, ELISA) are used for identifying viruses and bacteria, then detection can be performed, but precision in distinguishing particles based on size and shape deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional biochemical detection methods (PCR, DNA chip, ELISA) with a physical measurement approach using resistive pulse sensing. The system measures changes in electrical resistance as particles pass through a pore, substituting mechanical/electrical measurement for biochemical analysis to achieve precise size and shape distinction.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameter from biochemical properties to electrical resistance changes. By measuring the resistance change (ΔR) as particles pass through the pore, the system can distinguish particles based on their size and shape, achieving high measurement precision without relying on biochemical reactions.
2Measurement precision
If a pore-based measurement system is used to measure particle size and shape, then measurement precision improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the measurement system into distinct segments: a first chamber, a second chamber, and a membrane separating them with a pore. This segmentation allows for simplified individual components while achieving complex measurement functionality through their coordinated arrangement.
Solution Approach 2:
The pore-based measurement system serves multiple functions: it acts as a physical filter, a measurement probe, and a flow channel simultaneously. The same pore structure used for particle detection also controls flow and provides the measurement interface, reducing the need for separate components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method provides accurate identification of particle size and shape differences, effectively distinguishing between various types of particles like bacteria, viruses, and pollens with high precision.
Implementation Method 1
an insulating membrane, a pore opening in the membrane to connect the first chamber to the second chamber, and a first electrode in the first chamber and a second electrode in the second chamber. Electric current flows between the first and second electrodes through the pore
Implementation Method 2
measuring a signal related to ion flow through the pore when the target passes through the pore
Data Source
AI summary
According to one embodiment, provided is a single particle analyzing device including a measuring vessel, first and second chambers in the vessel defined by an insulating membrane, a pore opening in the membrane to connect the chambers, and first and second electrodes in the chambers. Electric current flows between the electrodes through the pore. Electrical characteristics are measured during migration of the target from the first chamber to the second chamber to measure the size and shape of the target. (a) t<a <d≦100a or (b) s<L, s<d≦100s, t<L and t<d, wherein a, L and s are the diameter, length and width of the target, d is the diameter of the pore, and t is the thickness of the membrane in the proximity to the pore.