Single-Transducer 3D Imaging via Frequency-to-Space Conversion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current 3D imaging systems face limitations in range resolution due to high timing jitter in detector arrays, which restricts the precision and sensitivity, especially in applications requiring higher resolution such as face recognition.
Innovation Solution
A 3D imaging system utilizing a single transducer with low timing jitter, coupled with a frequency-to-space converter that maps pulses of different center frequencies to distinct spatial locations, enabling better range resolution and detection of weak signals without the need for moving parts or active beam-steering components.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a detector array with high sensitivity is used, then the range of the system is improved, but the timing jitter increases which degrades range resolution
Solution Approach 1:
The invention segments the detection function by using a frequency-to-space converter to divide the returned radiation into multiple spatial channels, each corresponding to a different frequency component. A single transducer then detects signals from these spatially separated frequencies, achieving both high sensitivity and low timing jitter that would be difficult to obtain with a detector array.
Solution Approach 2:
The frequency-to-space converter acts as an intermediary between the returned radiation and the single transducer. It maps different frequency components to different spatial locations, allowing the single transducer to effectively perform the function of multiple detectors while maintaining low timing jitter.
2Reliability
If a detector array is used to improve sensitivity, then weak signals can be detected, but the device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges the detection function into a single transducer by using frequency-to-space conversion. Instead of requiring multiple detectors arranged in an array, the system combines the detection capability into one transducer that receives spatially separated frequency components, thereby reducing device complexity and cost while maintaining detection sensitivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The single transducer performs the function of multiple detectors by detecting signals from different spatial locations that correspond to different frequency components. This multi-functional approach allows one transducer to replace an entire detector array, simplifying the system while maintaining the ability to detect weak signals.
3Productivity
If conventional beam steering techniques with moving parts are used, then the system can scan different spatial locations, but the scanning speed is limited and mechanical complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces mechanical beam steering systems (such as galvo-scanning mirrors) with a frequency-to-space converter that uses optical diffraction or interference to map frequencies to spatial locations. This substitution eliminates moving parts, reduces mechanical complexity, and enables faster scanning speeds limited only by the modulation bandwidth of the system rather than mechanical inertia.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for improved range resolution, enhanced detection of weak signals, and faster scanning capabilities compared to conventional systems, achieving sub-centimeter range precision and enabling minute shape recognition.
Implementation Method 1
A frequency-to-space converter, such as a grating, arrayed waveguide grating, or virtual image phased array, that maps each pulse to a different spatial location based on the center frequency of the pulse
Implementation Method 2
A frequency-to-space converter, such as a grating, arrayed waveguide grating, or virtual image phased array, that maps each pulse to a different spatial location based on the center frequency of the pulse
Implementation Method 3
An aperture receives pulses scattered or reflected from objects at the spatial locations and couples the received pulses to a transducer, which converts the received pulses into electrical signals that represent a 3D image corresponding to the spatial locations
Implementation Method 4
The delay between the emission of the beam and the arrival of the reflected or scattered radiation, or time-of-flight, indicates the object's range, or location in z
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed herein are a system and method for three-dimensional imaging using a single transducer. A laser in a transmitter emits a sequence of short pulses, each of which is at a different center wavelength (frequency). A dispersive element in the transmitter spatially separates the pulses according to wavelength, with different pulses mapped to different spatial locations in a target volume via a lens. The pulses travel to the target, which scatters or back-reflects the pulses towards the dispersive element via the lens. The lens collects the returned pulses and transmits them to a single transducer via the dispersive element. The transducer measures the time of arrival for each returned pulse. Because the arrival time depends on the range to the object in the portion of the target illuminated by the corresponding emitted pulse, the measured arrival time can be used to reconstruct a 3D (angle-angle-range) image of the object.