SiO2 Layer Hydrogen Passivation for Low-Temperature BTI Reliability

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Bias temperature instability (BTI) in SiO2 layers, particularly negative BTI (NBTI), remains a challenge due to electrically active defects like hydroxyl-E' and hydrogen bridge defects, which are difficult to address under thermal budget constraints in advanced semiconductor technologies.

Innovation Solution

Exposure of SiO2 layers to atomic hydrogen at relatively low temperatures (100-300 °C) effectively passivates these defects, reducing charge trapping and improving NBTI reliability, with subsequent molecular hydrogen treatment further enhancing stability and reducing positive oxide charge.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If high-temperature fabrication steps (e.g., rapid thermal oxidation at 900+ °C or reliability anneal at >800 °C) are used to minimize hole trap density in SiO2, then NBTI reliability is improved, but thermal budget is consumed which impedes stacking of multiple semiconductor device tiers in sequential 3D integration

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveNBTI reliabilityVSAvoidthermal budget
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical-chemical state of hydrogen from molecular (H2) to atomic (H) form through plasma generation, enabling defect passivation at low temperatures (25-450°C). This parameter change allows achieving NBTI improvement without consuming thermal budget, resolving the contradiction between reliability improvement and temperature constraint

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the thermal mechanism (high-temperature annealing) with a plasma-based chemical mechanism. By using plasma to generate atomic hydrogen that passivates defects at low temperatures, the mechanical/thermal system is substituted with a plasma chemical system, achieving the same reliability improvement without high temperature

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If dipole-forming layers are inserted at SiO2-HfO2 interface to improve PBTI reliability at low thermal budget, then charge trapping is reduced, but the approach for NBTI improvement remains insufficient without aggressive SiO2 interlayer scaling

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovePBTI reliabilityVSAvoidSiO2 interlayer thickness control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies atomic hydrogen treatment that provides universal improvement for both NBTI and PBTI reliability through a single process step. This multi-functional approach eliminates the need for separate dipole-forming layer insertion for PBTI and aggressive scaling for NBTI, achieving both reliability improvements simultaneously without manufacturing precision constraints

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The approach significantly reduces NBTI-induced trapped charge sheet density, surpassing the reliability of SiO2 layers formed at higher temperatures, while maintaining low thermal budget compatibility, and improves interface stability and breakdown robustness.

Implementation Method 1

exposure of the SiO 2 layer to atomic hydrogen (H*) generated in a plasma... effectively passivation of electrically active defects-such as hydroxyl-E'- and hydrogen bridge defects

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrogen passivation: Hydrogenation

Implementation Method 2

a) exposing the SiO 2 layer to atomic hydrogen (H*) generated in a plasma

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasma: Plasma

Data Source

PatentEP4009351B1Improving bias temperature instability of sio2 layers
Publication Date: 2024.05.29 INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO ELECTRONICS CENT (IMEC VZW)
  • EP4009351B1 patent drawingFigure 1~6
  • EP4009351B1 patent drawingFigure 7~8
  • EP4009351B1 patent drawingFigure 9~12

AI summary

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for improving a bias temperature instability of a SiO2 layer, comprising: (a) exposing the SiO2 layer to atomic hydrogen.