Skin Temperature Feedback Control for Processor Power Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

As platform form factors shrink, skin temperature becomes a primary limitation to performance and user experience due to increased heat output, leading to compromised comfort, noise levels, reliability, stability, and performance, as OEMs often overcompensate with aggressive cooling configurations.

Innovation Solution

An apparatus and method for direct and guaranteed platform and skin temperature control, utilizing a power control unit (PCU) with neural network proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers and thermal management hardware/software to regulate processor temperature dynamically.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If aggressive cooling configurations are used to maintain skin temperature, then user comfort and reliability are improved, but performance and performance per watt are degraded significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem reliabilityVSAvoidperformance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where skin temperature sensors continuously monitor external surface temperatures and provide real-time data to the power control unit. This feedback loop enables dynamic adjustment of processor power states based on actual thermal conditions, allowing the system to maintain reliability while avoiding unnecessary performance degradation. The feedback-driven approach replaces static aggressive cooling configurations with adaptive thermal management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from static thermal management configurations to dynamic control by continuously adjusting processor power states (P-states) and performance modes based on real-time skin temperature readings. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to optimize the balance between reliability and performance according to current thermal conditions, rather than maintaining fixed aggressive cooling settings that always degrade performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Productivity

If processor power states are increased to improve performance, then productivity is improved, but skin temperature and user comfort are worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveperformanceVSAvoidskin temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs periodic monitoring of skin temperature at defined intervals and uses this periodic data to adjust processor power states. By implementing periodic thermal checks and corresponding performance adjustments, the system can sustain high performance during acceptable thermal conditions while preventing excessive skin temperature rises, creating a rhythm of performance optimization that respects thermal limits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the operational parameters of the processor dynamically by adjusting P-states and performance modes based on skin temperature thresholds. When skin temperature remains within acceptable ranges, the system allows higher power states and performance levels. When thresholds are approached, it transitions to lower power states, thereby controlling skin temperature while maximizing performance opportunities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Temperature

If cooling systems are enhanced to reduce skin temperature, then user comfort is improved, but noise levels increase due to higher fan speeds

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveskin temperatureVSAvoidnoise level
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements self-service thermal management by using onboard skin temperature sensors to autonomously monitor and control processor power states without requiring active cooling intervention. This self-regulating approach allows the system to maintain acceptable skin temperatures through software-controlled power management rather than hardware-based active cooling, thereby eliminating fan noise entirely while keeping users comfortable.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Ease of operation

If platform form factor is reduced to improve portability, then ease of operation is improved, but heat output density increases leading to thermal management challenges

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveportabilityVSAvoidheat output density
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality control by implementing skin temperature monitoring at specific external contact points and adjusting processor power states based on localized thermal conditions. This localized approach allows the compact platform to manage heat output density effectively by focusing thermal management on user-contact areas, enabling portability without sacrificing thermal comfort through precise, location-specific thermal control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Effectively manages processor temperature to enhance user comfort, reduce noise, improve reliability, and maintain performance by optimizing thermal management without compromising on user experience.

Implementation Method 1

utilizing a power control unit (PCU) with neural network proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectProportional-integral-derivative (PID) control: Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP4625107A1Apparatus and method for direct and guaranteed platform and skin temperature control
Publication Date: 2025.10.01 INTEL CORP
  • EP4625107A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4625107A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4625107A1 patent drawingFigure 3(A)

AI summary

An apparatus and method for thermal hardware assist. For example, one embodiment of a processor comprises: a plurality of functional circuit blocks; an interconnect coupled to the plurality of functional circuit blocks; one or more physical or virtual temperature sensors to capture one or more skin temperature measurements; a power management controller to execute a dynamically adjustable thermal control loop to perform an evaluation of the one or more skin temperature measurements based on a corresponding one or more temperature control values and to responsively distribute power to the plurality of functional circuit blocks in accordance with the evaluation, the power management controller to dynamically adjust parameters of the thermal control loop based on measured environmental conditions.