Slanted Fiber Grating Cladding Design for Loss Spectrum Precision

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Solution Overview

Problem

The existing slanted fiber gratings face challenges in achieving high accuracy for desired loss spectra due to limitations in the full width at half maximum of the fundamental spectrum, making it difficult to improve transmission capacity and reduce bit error rates in optical fiber communication systems.

Innovation Solution

The proposed slanted fiber grating structure includes a silica-based optical fiber with a core, first cladding, and second cladding, where the first cladding contains photosensitive materials like GeO2 and B2O3, and a slanted Bragg grating is formed in the first cladding without being in the core, with specific mode field diameters and refractive index profiles to optimize the grating angle and reduce the full width at half maximum of the fundamental spectrum.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If a slanted fiber grating is formed in the core of an optical fiber, then the grating can be formed with standard manufacturing processes, but the full width at half maximum of the fundamental spectrum is too large to achieve high-precision loss spectra

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveloss spectrum precisionVSAvoidgrating formation difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating a photosensitive region specifically in the cladding layer (not the core) through selective doping with GeO2 and B2O3. This allows the grating to be formed in a localized region with enhanced photosensitivity, enabling precise spectral control while maintaining manufacturability through standard UV exposure processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical-chemical parameters of the optical fiber by introducing specific photosensitive materials (GeO2 at 3-7 mol% and B2O3 at 1-5 mol%) into the cladding layer. This parameter change enables the cladding to undergo refractive index modulation upon UV exposure, allowing precise control of the grating characteristics and achieving narrow FWHM spectra.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If the full width at half maximum of the fundamental spectrum is reduced to improve transmission capacity, then bit error rate decreases, but the manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebit error rateVSAvoidfiber structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the optical fiber structure into distinct functional regions: a core without photosensitive materials and a cladding with specific photosensitive doping. This segmentation allows the grating formation process to be isolated to the cladding region, simplifying the overall manufacturing process while achieving the desired narrow spectral width for reduced bit error rates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces GeO2 and B2O3 as intermediary materials in the cladding layer that mediate between the UV exposure process and the refractive index modification. These intermediary photosensitive materials enable precise control of the grating characteristics, achieving narrow FWHM spectra without increasing manufacturing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enables the realization of a high-performance gain equalizer with reduced full width at half maximum and increased maximum loss, enhancing the transmission quality and reducing bit error rates in optical fiber communication systems.

Implementation Method 1

When the optical fiber is irradiated with ultraviolet light having a specific wavelength that may increase the refractive index (for example, a second harmonic of argon ion laser light (wavelength 244 nm) and the like), the refractive index of the silica-based glass containing a photosensitive material increases.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotochromism: Photochromism

Implementation Method 2

The loss due to the SFG is caused by the coupling from the LP01 mode to the higher-order mode in backward propagation.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBragg Diffraction: Bragg Diffraction

Data Source

PatentEP3876003B1Slant-type fiber grating
Publication Date: 2024.09.11 SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES LTD
  • EP3876003B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3876003B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3876003B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

One embodiment of the present disclosure relates to an SFG (slanted fiber grating) that can easily realize a high-performance gain equalizer. The SFG includes an optical fiber comprised of silica-based glass and including a core, a first cladding containing a photosensitive material, and a second cladding. A specific section between two different points arranged along a fiber axis in the optical fiber is configured with a first region, a pair of second regions, and a third region. The first region includes a slanted Bragg grating provided in a region as the first cladding. The pair of second regions are arranged to sandwich the first region. The third region is disposed to sandwich both the first region and the pair of second regions. An MFD at a wavelength of 1.55 µm in the third region is smaller than an MFD at a wavelength of 1.55 µm in the first region.