Sleep State Modeling With Adaptive Brain Stimulation Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional techniques for measuring and stimulating brain electrical activity are limited in their ability to determine suitable stimulation parameters, often resulting in over-stimulation or under-stimulation due to insufficient sensitivity, localization, and inability to account for complex neural systems and transitions between sleep stages.
Innovation Solution
The use of intracranial modalities, such as electrocorticography (ECoG) and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), combined with surface modalities, to measure neural activity and generate accurate brain state and functional models, enabling closed-loop adaptive therapeutic systems that provide efficient and effective stimulation parameters for transitioning through sleep stages.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional measurement techniques are used to measure brain electrical activity, then the measurement process is simple, but the measurement precision and ability to determine suitable stimulation parameters is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the measurement system into multiple independent components: intracranial electrodes for direct cortical measurement, surface electrodes for non-invasive monitoring, and separate processing units for different frequency analyses. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized for its specific function, achieving high measurement precision while maintaining manageable system complexity through modular design.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary processing system that bridges the gap between traditional measurement techniques and advanced stimulation control. The processing device acts as a mediator, receiving signals from multiple electrode types, performing complex spectral analysis, and generating stimulation parameters based on integrated data, thereby achieving high precision without requiring direct complex interaction between measurement and stimulation components.
2Reliability
If traditional stimulation techniques are applied to the brain, then the device complexity is low, but the stimulation effectiveness and ability to account for complex neural systems is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic stimulation parameters that adapt in real-time based on measured brain state. The system continuously monitors neural activity across multiple frequency bands and adjusts stimulation intensity, frequency, and duration accordingly. This dynamic approach ensures optimal stimulation effectiveness for complex neural systems while the automated control algorithm manages the complexity of real-time adjustments.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes parameter changes in neural activity as the basis for determining stimulation parameters. By analyzing changes in power spectrum density across different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma), the system dynamically adjusts stimulation parameters to match the brain's current state, achieving high reliability in stimulation effectiveness while using algorithmic processing to manage complexity.
3Measurement precision
If traditional techniques are used to monitor sleep stages, then the system complexity is low, but the ability to identify characteristics of transitions between sleep stages is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from traditional single-dimensional sleep stage monitoring to multi-dimensional analysis by simultaneously measuring neural activity across multiple frequency bands and multiple brain regions. This dimensional expansion allows precise identification of transition characteristics between sleep stages, while the systematic approach to multi-dimensional data processing manages the increased system complexity.
4Measurement precision
If intracranial modalities are used to measure neural activity, then the measurement precision and localization are improved, but the invasiveness and procedural complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal measurement system that can operate with multiple electrode types (intracranial, surface, or combinations). The processing device is designed to handle data from various electrode configurations, allowing the system to achieve high measurement precision with intracranial electrodes when clinically indicated, while maintaining ease of manufacture through a unified platform that can also function with less invasive surface electrodes alone.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances the accuracy of brain state modeling and stimulation, allowing for efficient and adaptive control of sleep stages, reducing over-stimulation and improving sleep progression through customized and dynamically modified transitions.
Implementation Method 1
A human brain may include neurons which exhibit measurable electrical signals when active. Accordingly, various measuring modalities, such as electrodes, may be used to measure such electrical activity.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are systems, methods, and devices for measurement, identification, and generation of sleep state models. Systems include a plurality of electrodes configured to be coupled to a brain of a user and configured to obtain a plurality of measurements from the brain of the user, and an interface configured to obtain the plurality of measurements from the plurality of electrodes. Systems include a processing device comprising one or more processors configured to generate a sleep state model associated with the user, the sleep state model identifying characteristics of a plurality of sleep stages, and further identifying characteristics of transitions between the plurality of sleep stages. Systems include a controller comprising one or more processors configured to generate a control signal based on the sleep state model and the plurality of measurements.