Bi-Phase Sliding Member Interface for Stronger Ni Coating Adhesion
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing sliding members with Cu-based lining layers and Ni coating layers face a reduction in adhesive strength due to the formation of Bi—Ni compounds at the interface, requiring lengthy and labor-intensive cleaning processes to remove the Bi phase.
Innovation Solution
A sliding member design where the Ni coating layer partially forms an entrance portion that enters the lining layer side at the interface, with a ratio of the maximum area of the Bi phase to the entrance portion area set between 1.00 and 9.00, reducing the formation of Bi—Ni compounds and improving adhesive strength.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If the Bi phase is completely removed from the lining layer surface through long-term cleaning processes, then the adhesive strength between the lining layer and coating layer is improved, but the manufacturing time and labor cost increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts the harmful Bi phase from the lining layer surface through selective removal processes, eliminating the source of Bi-Ni compound formation while preserving the underlying Cu-based lining layer structure. This targeted extraction approach improves adhesive strength without requiring complete removal of all Bi-containing phases.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of requiring complete removal of all Bi phases, the invention applies partial action by removing only the surface Bi phase that causes adhesion problems. The controlled removal process stops before eliminating all Bi-containing structures, maintaining manufacturing efficiency while achieving sufficient adhesive strength improvement.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If the Bi phase is completely removed from the lining layer surface, then the formation of Bi—Ni compounds is prevented, but the complexity and cost of the cleaning process increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention converts the potentially harmful Bi phase into a beneficial or neutral element by selective removal. Rather than attempting to eliminate all Bi-containing materials through complex multi-step processes, the method selectively removes surface Bi phases that cause adhesion problems while preserving internal Bi phases that may provide beneficial lubrication or other functions.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the parameters of the cleaning process to achieve selective removal. By adjusting factors such as etchant concentration, treatment time, and temperature, the process selectively removes surface Bi phases while leaving the Cu-based matrix and internal Bi phases intact, thereby preventing Bi-Ni compound formation without requiring overly complex processing.
3Productivity
If the Bi phase is partially removed with simplified cleaning processes, then the manufacturing efficiency is improved, but the adhesive strength may be compromised due to Bi—Ni compound formation
Solution Approach 1:
The invention applies preliminary action by performing surface treatment before coating application. The selective Bi phase removal is conducted as a preparatory step that creates an optimal surface condition for subsequent coating, ensuring both high manufacturing efficiency and strong adhesion by preventing Bi-Ni compound formation at the coating interface.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention applies local quality by creating different properties in different regions of the lining layer. The surface region undergoes selective Bi phase removal to improve adhesion, while the internal structure retains its original Bi-containing phases for lubrication and other functional benefits. This localized treatment achieves both high productivity and strong adhesive strength.
Data Source
AI summary
A sliding member of the present embodiment includes: a lining layer including a Bi phase; and a coating layer containing Ni, the coating layer being provided on a surface of the lining layer, the coating layer partially forming an entrance portion that has entered the lining layer side at an interface with respect to the lining layer. At any observation region including the interface between the lining layer and the coating layer, a value R=S1/S2 of a ratio of a maximum area S1 of the Bi phase included in the lining layer to a maximum area S2 of the entrance portion that has entered the lining layer is 1.00≤R≤9.00.