Sloping Bottom Container for Agglutination Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current particle agglutination-evaluating methods face challenges in accurately detecting intermediate reactions and require cumbersome operations, especially when examining multiple samples, due to inefficient agglutinate capturing and observation limitations, particularly in automatic analyzers.
Innovation Solution
A particle agglutination-evaluating container with a transparent main body featuring a sloping bottom face and a raised horizontal bottom face forming an obtuse angle, combined with a fluidal separation layer containing insoluble particles, allows for easy and accurate observation of agglutination patterns from below, enabling differentiation between positive, negative, and weakly positive reactions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a microplate with V- or U-bottomed wells is used for examining multiple samples, then the examination efficiency is improved, but the agglutinate-capturing efficiency becomes insufficient causing false negatives
Solution Approach 1:
The bottom face of each well is given a specific uneven structure with a lowest region and sloping regions, creating different local characteristics for capturing agglutinates versus allowing unagglutinated particles to settle. This local structural variation improves both capturing efficiency and reliability.
2Ease of operation
If the bottom face is made smooth for easy cleaning, then the ease of operation is improved, but the agglutinate adheres poorly causing false negatives
Solution Approach 1:
The bottom face features localized uneven regions (lowest region and sloping regions) that provide adhesion for agglutinates, while the overall structure remains compatible with standard cleaning procedures. The unevenness is confined to specific areas rather than the entire surface.
3Ease of operation
If blood cells are allowed to precipitate spontaneously, then the simplicity of operation is improved, but the examination time is extended
Solution Approach 1:
The well bottom features curved sloping regions leading to a lowest region, which facilitates particle movement and separation under centrifugal force. This curved geometry enhances the speed and efficiency of particle sedimentation compared to flat or angular bottoms.
4Measurement precision
If a transparent container with sloping bottom face is used, then the observation accuracy is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The container bottom face is designed with an asymmetric structure featuring a lowest region and sloping regions at different positions and angles. This asymmetric design optimizes particle separation and observation from the side wall, improving measurement precision without requiring complex mechanical systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design facilitates high-throughput analysis by allowing clear observation of agglutination patterns from the bottom, improving detection accuracy and efficiency, especially in automatic analyzers, without the need for complex structural supports or sample introduction issues.
Implementation Method 1
a fluidal separation layer containing insoluble particles which are filled in the transparent container main body and where the agglutination particles are separated according to the degree of agglutination
Implementation Method 2
the agglutination particles form an agglutinate and are located on a top face of the fluidal separation layer when the agglutination reaction is positive, the agglutination particles do not form an agglutinate and migrate to the bottom of the sloping bottom face when the agglutination reaction is negative
Data Source
AI summary
A particle agglutination-evaluating container for immunological analysis, based on an agglutinate formed in an agglutination reaction between an antibody- or antigen-containing sample and agglutination particles, includes a transparent container body having a bottom face including a sloping bottom face and a raised bottom face extended in a horizontal direction at the top of the sloping bottom face to form an obtuse angle with the sloping bottom face, and a fluidal separation layer containing insoluble particles which are filled in the container body and where the agglutination particles are separated according to the agglutination degree, wherein agglutination is evaluated by observation from the bottom of the container body, where the agglutination reaction is judged positive when the agglutination particles are observed through the raised bottom face, negative when observed at the bottom end of the sloping bottom face, and weakly positive when observed in the middle of the sloping bottom face.