Slotted Ogive Projectile Structure for Uniform Deformation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing projectile manufacturing methods, particularly for expanding or fragmenting projectiles, face issues with deformation behavior inconsistencies and tool wear due to stress variations and external deep-drawing ridges, leading to suboptimal performance in impacting gelatinous targets, especially when encased.
Innovation Solution
A ductile intermediate is formed with axial slots creating prongs that allow radial access to the cavity, enabling uniform deformation without machining, using a punch-die arrangement for cold forming, resulting in a projectile with optimized deformation behavior.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a large ogive tip opening is provided to allow gelatinous material penetration, then deformation behavior is improved, but the opening is blocked by harder materials (textile fabric, gypsum concrete) preventing gelatinous mass entry
Solution Approach 1:
The ogive wall is segmented by introducing axial slots that extend from the ogive tip opening towards the base, dividing the wall into multiple prongs. This segmentation allows the slots to serve as additional penetration paths for gelatinous material, ensuring that if the central opening is blocked, material can still enter through the slots to initiate deformation.
2Shape
If conventional cold forming with mandrel is used to create ogive shape, then projectile shape is formed, but stress variations and work hardening cause uneven deformation and external deep-drawing ridges
Solution Approach 1:
The axial slots are introduced into the ogive wall during the intermediate forming stage, before final ogive shaping. This preliminary action ensures that the slots and resulting prongs are already in place to guide uniform deformation during impact, preventing stress concentrations and deep-drawing ridges that would occur with conventional mandrel forming alone.
3Shape
If conical or pyramidal mandrels are used for deep drawing, then ogive shape is created, but tool life is uneconomically short due to breakage
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using a conical or pyramidal mandrel that pushes material outward (which causes high stress concentrations and tool breakage), the invention uses a punch-die arrangement where the punch creates axial slots and the die forms the ogive shape by compressing material inward. This inverted approach distributes stress more evenly and eliminates the breakage-prone mandrel geometry.
4Shape
If external deep-drawing ridges are present on projectile wall, then shaping is achieved, but post-processing is extensive to achieve optimal dynamics
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the forming parameters by using a punch-die arrangement with axial slotting instead of conventional mandrel deep drawing. This parameter change eliminates the formation of external deep-drawing ridges during shaping, as the material is compressed uniformly between the punch and die without the localized stretching that creates ridges, thereby eliminating the need for extensive post-processing.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves consistent, uniform deformation of projectiles with improved performance in gelatinous targets, reducing tool wear and eliminating deep-drawing ridges, while maintaining aerodynamic integrity.
Implementation Method 1
employing a cold forming process such as deep drawing
Implementation Method 2
The ductile material is deformed by the die and the mandrel, thereby forming the desired shape of the intermediate for the projectile
Data Source
Figure 1~4
Figure 1.1~4.1
Figure 5~8
AI summary
An intermediate for manufacturing a projectile, in particular a deformation projectile, comprising a ductile blank cold-formed into an intermediate by pressing, a cylindrical solid base end section, and a press end section with a central press depression created by pressing and a wall bounding the press depression to form an ogivoid-shaped tip, wherein the wall is formed with at least two slots extending in the axial direction of the intermediate, separating at least two prongs in the circumferential direction of the intermediate, wherein the at least two slots extend by more than 10% of the total axial longitudinal extent of the intermediate from the wall end in the direction of the base end section.