SMA Filament Hinge for Compact Actuation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing actuated components, such as hinges and locks, face challenges in being spatially compact, rugged, and power-efficient, particularly in portable applications, and often require significant electric power, which can lead to inefficiencies and security issues when power is lost.
Innovation Solution
The use of shape memory alloy (SMA) filaments in conjunction with ratchet mechanisms and return springs to create a compact, robust, and power-efficient actuated hinge or pivot system that can be remotely controlled, incorporating a printed circuit board with logical components for secure activation and energy management.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Force
If traditional electromagnetic actuators are used, then actuation force can be achieved, but device size increases and power consumption rises
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces electromagnetic actuators with a shape memory alloy (SMA) filament that uses thermal-mechanical properties to generate actuation force. The SMA filament transforms from austenite to martensite phase upon heating, producing mechanical displacement and force without requiring bulky electromagnetic components, thereby reducing device size while maintaining actuation capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical state parameters of the SMA filament by controlling temperature to induce phase transformation. By heating the filament above its transformation temperature, it transitions from a soft martensitic state to a rigid austenitic state, generating actuation force. This parameter-based control eliminates the need for large electromagnetic systems while providing sufficient actuation force
2Ease of operation
If electromagnetic actuators are used, then actuation can be achieved, but power consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic heating cycles to activate the SMA filament only when actuation is required. The filament is heated above its transformation temperature to generate force, then allowed to cool and return to its original state. This periodic action pattern eliminates continuous power consumption associated with electromagnetic actuators, providing actuation capability only when needed while minimizing energy use
Solution Approach 2:
The SMA filament serves multiple functions simultaneously: it generates actuation force through phase transformation, provides structural support in its austenitic state, and acts as a thermal element that can be heated by various sources. This self-service capability reduces the need for separate power supply systems and control mechanisms, thereby lowering overall power consumption while maintaining ease of operation
3Volume of moving object
If compact design is implemented, then spatial efficiency improves, but mechanical ruggedness decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the shape memory alloy filament as a composite material that combines the properties of both soft and rigid states within a single component. The SMA exhibits martensitic softness for flexibility during actuation and austenitic rigidity for structural support, providing mechanical ruggedness in a compact form. This composite material approach eliminates the need for separate soft and rigid components, maintaining strength while reducing device size
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The SMA-based actuated hinge system provides a spatially compact, reliable, and power-efficient solution for securing and accessing containers, enabling remote control operation while minimizing power consumption and ensuring secure access through logical activation mechanisms.
Implementation Method 1
the filament is constructed from a shape memory alloy material and is configured to transform from an austenite phase to a martensite phase
Implementation Method 2
a return spring configured to return the inner ratchet element so as to communicatively engage the complementary outer ratchet head upon deactivation of the SMA filament
Data Source
AI summary
Apparatus and methods for selectively providing or preventing access to areas, enclosed spaces or volumes, or for controlling the position of a pivot or hinge assembly. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a selectively actuated or actuate-able hinge which is controlled at least in part by a shaped memory alloy (SMA) filament or filaments. Application of electrical current to the filament causes changes in the physical properties thereof, thereby allowing “ratcheted” rotation of a portion of the hinge relative to other portions. In one variant, the hinge can be remotely operated, such as via wireless or wireline communication with a remote entity such as a computer or smartphone.