SMA-Actuated Valve Assembly for Compact Fluid Flow Switching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fluid valve technologies employing shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are complex, bulky, and difficult to integrate, leading to challenges in efficient fluid flow switching and assembly, particularly in applications like automotive seating systems.
Innovation Solution
A modular valve system where an actuator component with a SMA wire and plunger is assembled separately and then attached to a housing, allowing for a compact, efficient design with multiple valve blocks connected via elastic elements and a shared circuit board for simplified assembly and operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional solenoid technology is used for valve actuation, then reliable fluid flow switching is achieved, but the valve becomes bulky and heavy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the traditional solenoid (electromagnetic actuator) with a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuator. The SMA wire utilizes the shape memory effect to generate actuation force through thermal expansion when heated by electrical current, eliminating the need for bulky electromagnetic coils and iron cores while maintaining reliable valve operation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the actuation mechanism from electromagnetic force generation to thermal-actuated shape memory effect. By applying electrical current to heat the SMA wire, the material undergoes phase transformation and dimensional change, producing the necessary actuation force to move the plunger and switch fluid flow
2Reliability
If traditional solenoid technology is used for valve actuation, then reliable fluid flow switching is achieved, but significant noise level is generated during operation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the noisy solenoid actuation mechanism with a silent shape memory alloy wire actuator. The SMA wire generates actuation force through controlled thermal expansion without the mechanical impact, coil whining, or electromagnetic vibrations that produce noise in traditional solenoids, thereby eliminating significant noise generation while maintaining reliable valve switching
3Adaptability or versatility
If complex valve designs with multiple parts are used, then functional requirements are met, but assembly difficulty increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates the actuator component (SMA wire, plunger, and associated mechanisms) directly into the valve body as a unified assembly. This merging of previously separate components into a single integrated unit simplifies the assembly process, reduces the number of parts to be assembled, and maintains all necessary functional capabilities for fluid flow control
4Adaptability or versatility
If large dimension housings are used for valve integration, then all components can be accommodated, but integration difficulty increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the valve system into modular components: a compact valve body with integrated actuator, separate housing, and connection interfaces. This segmentation allows the valve to be assembled in a compact configuration that fits within smaller housing dimensions while maintaining all necessary functional capabilities and ease of integration
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This modular setup enables efficient switching of fluid flows with compact, lightweight valves, reducing complexity and assembly challenges while maintaining reliable operation and tight sealing.
Implementation Method 1
an actuator including a shape memory alloy wire configured to change shape in response to a change in temperature
Implementation Method 2
a resilient member arranged co-linearly with the plunger between the carrier and the plunger and configured to exert a bias force onto the plunger
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3~4
Figure 5
AI summary
A valve (100) comprises a housing (111) having a first fluid port (121) and a second fluid port (122). An actuator component (601) comprises a carrier (621), a plunger (125) having a sealing surface (125-3), a shape memory alloy actuator (151) arranged co-linearly with the plunger (125) between the carrier (621) and the plunger (125) for exerting an actuation force onto the plunger (125), and a spring (161) co-linearly arranged with the plunger (125) for exerting a bias force onto the plunger (125). The actuator component (601) is arranged such that the sealing surface (125-3) of the plunger (125) can sealingly engage the first fluid port (121). The actuator component (601) is arranged in a flow path in-between the first fluid port (121) and the second fluid port (122). A circuit board (631) provides an electrical current to actuate the shape memory alloy actuator (151). The housing (111) is at least partly arranged between the circuit board (631) and the carrier (621) and comprises through holes (615) for electrical pins of the actuator component (601). The valve (100) may be used to provide in a modular valve system (800.