Shape Memory Alloy Vortex Generator Flap Actuation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Fixed vortex generators on aircraft wings result in unnecessary drag and increased fuel consumption during cruise, as they remain deployed at all times, despite being most needed only during take-off and landing.
Innovation Solution
A deployable vortex generator system using a shape memory alloy actuator that rotates a flap between stowed and deployed positions based on temperature changes, minimizing structure and cost, with the flap being perpendicular to the aerodynamic surface during deployment and parallel during cruise.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If vortex generators are fixed and deployed at all times, then aerodynamic performance is maintained during take-off and landing, but drag and fuel consumption increase during cruise
Solution Approach 1:
The vortex generator is designed to be dynamically deployable and retractable rather than fixed. The flap can rotate between a deployed position (perpendicular to the aerodynamic surface) during take-off and landing, and a retracted position (parallel to the surface) during cruise, allowing the system to adapt to different flight conditions and eliminate unnecessary drag during cruise while maintaining performance when needed
2Loss of energy
If vortex generators are deployed only during take-off and landing, then fuel consumption is reduced during cruise, but the mechanism complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes temperature changes as the actuating parameter for the shape memory alloy. The SMA material changes its physical state based on temperature variations, automatically deploying the flap when cooling is needed (take-off/landing) and retracting when heating occurs (cruise), eliminating the need for complex electronic control systems while enabling conditional deployment
Solution Approach 2:
The shape memory alloy actuator is self-actuating and does not require external power sources, control systems, or manual intervention. The material automatically responds to temperature changes to deploy or retract the flap, significantly simplifying the overall device complexity while enabling deployable operation during specific flight conditions
3Extent of automation
If a shape memory alloy actuator is used, then automatic deployment based on temperature changes is achieved, but manufacturing cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical actuation systems (motors, sensors, control electronics, linkages) with a passive shape memory alloy-based thermal actuation system. The SMA material directly converts thermal energy to mechanical motion, automatically deploying the flap in response to temperature changes without requiring external power or control systems, thereby reducing manufacturing complexity and cost despite the specialized material
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Reduces drag and fuel consumption by deploying the vortex generator only when needed, maintaining aerodynamic efficiency while minimizing exposure to airflow during cruise.
Implementation Method 1
A deployable vortex generator system using a shape memory alloy actuator that rotates a flap between stowed and deployed positions based on temperature changes
Data Source
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AI summary
In one embodiment, the disclosed vortex generator may include a flap (12); a bearing (16) configured to be mounted on a surface (20); an axle (14) retained in the bearing, the flap attached to the axle such that the flap rotates relative to the bearing about the axle; and an actuator (32) made of a shape memory alloy attached to the flap and to a support, the actuator shaped to receive the axle therethrough, such that a change in temperature of the actuator causes the actuator to rotate the flap relative to the bearing.