Shape-Memory Alloy Wire Actuator for Vehicle Latch
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing vehicle compartment actuators lack efficient mechanisms for user-controlled access, particularly in glove box compartments, where manual operation can be cumbersome and unreliable.
Innovation Solution
A latch system integrated with a shape-memory alloy wire actuator that changes length in response to user input, allowing the glove box lid to transition between closed and open positions, utilizing a wire guide and control system to facilitate smooth operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If a manual latch system is used for the glove box, then the device complexity is reduced, but the ease of operation deteriorates due to cumbersome manual operation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the traditional mechanical latch actuation mechanism with a shape-memory alloy wire system. The SMA wire changes its physical state in response to electrical current, directly actuating the latch without complex mechanical linkages, motors, or linkages. This substitution of mechanical actuation with a smart material-based actuation improves ease of operation while maintaining relatively simple device complexity.
2Reliability
If a traditional motor-based actuator is used, then the force required to move the latch is sufficient, but the reliability deteriorates due to potential mechanical failures in motor systems
Solution Approach 1:
The shape-memory alloy wire actsuator is a self-contained system that generates its own actuation force through phase transformation in response to electrical current. It has no moving parts, no lubrication requirements, and no wear components, making it inherently more reliable than motor-based systems. The SMA wire self-regulates its force output based on the applied current and its material properties, eliminating the need for separate force-generation and transmission mechanisms.
3Ease of operation
If a shape-memory alloy wire actuator is implemented, then the ease of operation is improved with reliable user access, but the use of energy increases due to the power required to activate the alloy
Solution Approach 1:
The shape-memory alloy wire actuator operates through periodic heating and cooling cycles. Electrical current is applied in short pulses to trigger the phase transformation and latch actuation, then removed to allow the wire to return to its original state. This periodic action pattern minimizes energy consumption compared to continuous operation, while still achieving reliable latch engagement and disengagement for user access.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables quick and reliable user-accessible operation of the glove box, with the shape-memory alloy wire providing a consistent force to move the latch, ensuring efficient and durable compartment access.
Implementation Method 1
an actuator including a shape-memory alloy wire coupled to the latch to move the latch in response to changes in length of the shape-memory alloy wire
Data Source
AI summary
A vehicle includes a compartment mounted to a frame of the vehicle. The compartment includes a box coupled to a vehicle in a fixed position relative to the vehicle and a latch system coupled to the glove to allow a user access to the box. The latch system includes a shape-memory alloy wire and a spring that are used during actuation of the latch system.