Small Dense LDL Cholesterol Detection via Segmentation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for detecting familial combined hyperlipidemia are inefficient and prone to misdiagnosis due to the inability to precisely detect small, dense LDL, often requiring burdensome and expensive LDL size measurements and apoprotein B ratios, which can also include hyper-remnant blood diseases, leading to low detection accuracy.

Innovation Solution

A method for detecting familial combined hyperlipidemia by measuring the concentration of small, dense LDL cholesterol in serum or plasma, using a cut-off value determined by an ROC curve, and separating small, dense LDL from other LDL fractions using a polyanion and divalent cation separating agent, followed by direct measurement of cholesterol levels.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If LDL size measurement by electrophoresis or calculation of apoprotein B to LDL cholesterol ratio is used, then detection of small, dense LDL can be performed, but the process is burdensome in terms of time and expense

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedetection accuracy of small, dense LDLVSAvoidtime required for detection

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The invention segments LDL into small, dense LDL and other LDL fractions using a polyanion and divalent cation separating agent. This segmentation allows direct measurement of only the small, dense LDL cholesterol fraction, eliminating the need for time-consuming electrophoresis or ratio calculations while maintaining detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention introduces a polyanion and divalent cation separating agent as an intermediary substance that selectively binds to and separates small, dense LDL from other LDL fractions. This intermediary enables direct measurement of small, dense LDL cholesterol without requiring complex electrophoresis procedures or apoprotein B ratio calculations.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If conventional methods (electrophoresis or apoprotein B ratio) are used to detect small, dense LDL, then presence of small, dense LDL can be identified, but misdiagnosis occurs when normal-sized LDL increases together with small, dense LDL

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedetection accuracy of small, dense LDLVSAvoiddiagnosis accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention segments LDL into small, dense LDL and other LDL fractions using a polyanion and divalent cation separating agent. This segmentation allows direct measurement of only the small, dense LDL cholesterol fraction, eliminating the need for complex electrophoresis or ratio calculations while maintaining detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention extracts small, dense LDL from the mixed LDL population using a polyanion and divalent cation separating agent. By taking out only the small, dense LDL fraction for measurement, the method eliminates interference from normal-sized LDL, thereby preventing misdiagnosis and improving diagnostic reliability.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Ease of operation

If only apoprotein B measured value is used for detection, then evaluation can be performed, but detection accuracy is low due to inclusion of hyper-remnant blood diseases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvesimplicity of detection methodVSAvoiddetection accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention segments LDL into small, dense LDL and other LDL fractions using a polyanion and divalent cation separating agent. This segmentation allows direct measurement of only the small, dense LDL cholesterol fraction, eliminating the need for complex electrophoresis or ratio calculations while maintaining detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method allows for precise detection of familial combined hyperlipidemia with high sensitivity and specificity, effectively identifying individuals at risk for arteriosclerotic diseases, even when conventional lipid markers are within normal ranges.

Implementation Method 1

separating small, dense LDL from other LDL fractions using a polyanion and divalent cation separating agent

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectElectrostatic interaction: Ion Repulsion/Attraction

Data Source

PatentEP2015077B1Method for detection of familial combined hyperlipidemia

Publication Date: 2012.10.31 DENKA SEIKEN CO LTD

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AI summary

An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent method for detection and diagnosis of familial combined hyperlipidemia. The present invention relates to a method for detection of familial combined hyperlipidemia, comprising measuring the concentration of small, dense LDL cholesterol in a sample collected from a subject.