Small-Molecule Ionic Lattices for Bright Solid-State Fluorescence
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies face challenges in preparing solid state forms of organic dyes that retain the bright color and fluorescence properties of their solution state.
Innovation Solution
The development of Small-Molecule Isolation LatticES (SMILES) materials, composed of ionic dyes bound in a counterion-receptor complex, which are spatially and electronically isolated to maintain high fluorescence intensity and color-matched properties in solid forms.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If organic dyes are prepared in solid state forms, then the material stability and handling properties are improved, but the fluorescence intensity and color brightness are reduced compared to solution state
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the solid state material into isolated molecular units using rigid spacer groups (e.g., -CR²R³- linkers) that separate individual dye molecules. This segmentation prevents intermolecular interactions that cause aggregation and fluorescence quenching, allowing each molecule to maintain its solution-state emission properties while being in a solid matrix.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces counterion-receptor complexes as intermediary structures that bind and isolate the ionic dye molecules. These complexes act as mediators that maintain the dye in a dispersed, non-aggregated state within the solid material, preserving fluorescence intensity while providing structural stability.
2Ease of operation
If organic dyes are prepared in solid state forms, then the ease of handling and processing are improved, but the color brightness and emission properties are lost
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates local isolation environments around each dye molecule using rigid spacer groups and counterion-receptor complexes. This local quality control ensures that each molecular site maintains the optical properties of the solution state, while the overall material benefits from solid-state handling characteristics.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates composite materials combining ionic dyes with rigid spacer groups and counterion-receptor complexes. This composite structure integrates the optical properties of isolated dye molecules with the mechanical stability and handling ease of solid materials, achieving both color brightness and processing convenience.
3Stability of the object's composition
If ionic dyes are used in solid state, then the material composition stability is improved, but the fluorescence emission intensity is reduced due to aggregation
Solution Approach 1:
The rigid spacer groups segment the ionic dye molecules into isolated units, preventing aggregation-induced energy transfer and quenching. This segmentation maintains composition stability while eliminating the harmful intermolecular interactions that cause fluorescence loss.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extracts the ionic dye molecules from their aggregated solid state form and repositions them into isolated environments within the counterion-receptor complexes. This extraction removes the dyes from the aggregation pathway that leads to energy loss, while maintaining their stable solid-state incorporation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
SMILES materials exhibit enhanced emission intensity and color-matched properties, outperforming solid-state preparations of ionic dyes alone, with applications in various forms including powders, thin films, and polymer composites.
Implementation Method 1
composed of ionic dyes with their counter-ions bound in a counterion-receptor complex
Implementation Method 2
retaining these properties [color and bright emission]
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure concerns the design, formulations, preparations and optical properties of compounds of Formulas (I) and (VI):(charged dyem+)x·(counterionn−)y·(counterion receptor)z (I) and(charged dyem−)x·(counterionn+)y·(counterion receptor)z (VI).The charged dyem+ is a cationic dye, counterionn− is an anion, and counterion receptor is a binding ligand for the counterionn−, wherein m, n, x and y are integers greater than or equal to 1, and products of x·n and m·y are identical for formula (I).The charged dyem− is a anionic dye, counterionn+ is a cation, and counterion receptor is a binding ligand for the counterionn+, wherein m, n, x and y are integers greater than or equal to 1, and products of x·n and m·y are identical for formula (VI).