Smart Card Power Management Circuit Voltage Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Smart cards face challenges in reducing power consumption during idle periods, leading to increased energy usage and potential heat generation, which can affect their performance and longevity.
Innovation Solution
Implementing a power management unit that controls voltages to sub-units based on control signals and level control signals during clock stop time intervals, activating and deactivating voltage controllers and oscillators sequentially to minimize power consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If voltage is continuously supplied to sub-units during idle periods, then operational readiness is maintained, but power consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The voltage control is segmented into different time intervals (first idle time interval, clock stop time interval, second idle time interval) with different voltage supply strategies. During the first idle time interval, voltage is reduced to a first level; during the clock stop time interval, voltage is reduced to a second level (lower than first); and during the second idle time interval, voltage is restored. This temporal segmentation allows the system to balance power savings with operational readiness.
Solution Approach 2:
The voltage level supplied to sub-units is dynamically adjusted based on the current time interval and system state. The power management unit changes voltage levels from full operation to reduced levels (first and second levels) and back, creating a dynamic power management strategy that adapts to idle periods while maintaining necessary operational readiness.
2Speed
If voltage controllers and oscillators are kept active during idle periods, then quick resumption of operation is achieved, but heat generation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system employs periodic voltage control actions with distinct phases: reducing voltage during the first idle time interval, further reducing during the clock stop time interval, and restoring during the second idle time interval. This periodic pattern allows the system to manage heat generation through controlled voltage cycles while maintaining the capability for quick resumption when needed.
Solution Approach 2:
The voltage parameter is changed across different operation modes. By adjusting voltage to different levels (first level during first idle interval, second level during clock stop interval) and controlling the timing of these changes, the system reduces heat generation during idle periods while preserving the ability to quickly restore full voltage and operation when required.
Data Source
AI summary
A smart card may include data storage and transmission circuitry, a plurality of voltage controllers to supply operational power to card circuitry, a plurality of oscillators to supply an internal clock for the card, and power management circuitry. The power management circuitry may be configured to shut down the oscillators and at least one, but not all, voltage controllers during a period after a data transmission is completed.