Smart Card Voltage Controller with Dynamic Mode Switching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional smart card voltage controllers are slow to respond to external noise and internal operation mode changes due to low power design, leading to inadequate current supply during voltage fluctuations, which can cause malfunctions and stress on internal circuits.
Innovation Solution
A voltage controller with a pulse generator and internal voltage control circuit that includes multiple comparators and a driver, generating control signals based on mode and external voltage changes to rapidly adjust internal voltage levels, maintaining a constant target voltage while minimizing current consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If the internal voltage controller is designed for low power operation, then current consumption is reduced, but the response speed to external noise and operation mode changes becomes slow
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by making the operating mode of the voltage controller switchable between low-power mode and high-speed mode. The controller dynamically adapts its operational characteristics based on detected conditions (external noise levels or operation mode changes), allowing it to optimize between power consumption and response speed as needed rather than being fixed in one state.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the operational parameters of the voltage controller by switching between different operating modes. When external noise or operation mode changes are detected, the controller transitions from low-power operation to high-speed operation, effectively changing parameters like current consumption and response time to match the detected conditions.
2Use of energy by moving object
If the internal voltage controller operates at low power, then energy efficiency is improved, but the ability to rapidly supply sufficient current to internal circuits during voltage fluctuations deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The controller dynamically switches between low-power and high-speed modes based on detected conditions. When voltage fluctuations or operation mode changes are detected, it transitions to high-speed mode to rapidly supply sufficient current to internal circuits, ensuring reliability while maintaining energy efficiency during normal operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements preliminary action by detecting external noise or operation mode changes before they cause significant voltage instability. This early detection allows the controller to proactively switch to high-speed mode and prepare to supply adequate current, preventing reliability issues before they occur.
3Speed
If the internal voltage controller increases operating speed to respond quickly to voltage variations, then response time is reduced, but current consumption increases undesirably
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the controller's operating characteristics dynamic rather than fixed. It switches between low-power mode (for normal operation) and high-speed mode (for rapid response) based on detected conditions, allowing it to achieve fast response times only when necessary rather than continuously, thus avoiding unnecessary current consumption.
Solution Approach 2:
The controller employs periodic monitoring of external noise and operation modes, switching to high-speed mode temporarily when variations are detected and returning to low-power mode when conditions stabilize. This periodic switching allows fast response when needed while minimizing overall current consumption during normal operation.
Data Source
AI summary
A voltage controller may include a pulse generator and an internal voltage control circuit coupled to the pulse generator. The pulse generator may be configured to generate a control signal in response to at least one of a mode signal and/or an external voltage. The internal voltage control circuit may be configured to generate an internal voltage at an internal voltage node, and the internal voltage control circuit may include a voltage divider, first and second comparators, and a driver. The voltage divider may be coupled between the internal voltage node and a first reference voltage, and the voltage divider may generate a feedback voltage that is between the internal voltage and the first reference voltage. The first comparator may be configured to generate a first comparison result responsive to comparing the feedback voltage with a second reference voltage, and the second comparator may be configured to generate a second comparison result responsive to comparing the feedback voltage with the second reference voltage in response to the control signal. The driver may be coupled between an external voltage and the internal voltage node, and the driver may be configured to generate the internal voltage responsive to the first and second comparison results. Related methods and smart cards are also discussed.