Smart Outlet Frequency Tracking via Extended Kalman Filter
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current power system frequency control methods primarily focus on high and middle-voltage levels, neglecting the low-voltage distribution level, which can lead to inadequate frequency stability and widespread power outages due to the lack of granular load control, ignoring differences in customer needs and reducing satisfaction.
Innovation Solution
A system utilizing extended Kalman filter-based smart outlets that measure and control power frequency at the low-voltage level, enabling localized appliance control through a cloud platform, allowing for efficient and adaptive frequency tracking and response to fluctuations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If feeder-based control technology is used for power system frequency control, then the power system frequency stability is improved, but the customer satisfaction deteriorates due to widespread power outages affecting all appliances including critical loads
Solution Approach 1:
The invention segments the load control from feeder level to appliance level by deploying smart outlets in individual customer premises. Each smart outlet independently monitors frequency and controls connected appliances, enabling granular load management. This segmentation allows critical loads to be preserved while shedding non-critical loads, resolving the contradiction between system stability and customer satisfaction.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention implements local quality by allowing each customer's smart outlet to make independent frequency control decisions based on local appliance characteristics and customer preferences. The system assigns different importance weights to different appliances, enabling localized control strategies that maintain customer satisfaction while contributing to overall system frequency stability.
2Measurement precision
If traditional frequency measurement methods are used, then the system complexity is reduced, but the frequency tracking accuracy and response speed deteriorate during dynamic scenarios
Solution Approach 1:
The invention introduces an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) as an intermediary algorithm between the raw voltage signal and the frequency measurement output. The EKF processes the voltage signal to extract accurate frequency information even during dynamic scenarios, achieving high measurement precision without requiring complex hardware modifications. The filter handles nonlinearities and provides robust frequency tracking while maintaining computational efficiency.
3Reliability
If centralized control methods are used for frequency control, then the control coordination is improved, but the response time to local frequency disturbances deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges centralized cloud platform coordination with distributed local control execution. The cloud platform provides centralized scheduling and coordination by collecting appliance importance information and generating control strategies, while smart outlets execute control actions locally with minimal delay. This hybrid approach combines the advantages of both centralized and distributed control, achieving both coordination and fast response.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary action by pre-configuring appliance importance weights and control thresholds before frequency disturbances occur. During normal operation, smart outlets continuously monitor frequency and prepare control decisions based on pre-established criteria, enabling immediate response when frequency disturbances occur without waiting for centralized commands.
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods are disclosed to control the power grid frequency by capturing the frequency change using an extended Kalman filter method with the distributed smart outlet devices at the low-voltage distribution level; and locally control the relay that provides power to the appliance by comparing the captured frequency with the threshold sent from the cloud control center.