Fuel-Air Mixture Control Using Smith Prediction to Reduce Actuator Wear

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing systems for regulating fuel-air mixtures in heating systems, such as gas boilers, often lead to heavy wear on actuators due to frequent and prolonged control activities, necessitating regular maintenance and replacement.

Innovation Solution

A model-predictive regulation procedure that identifies system behavior characterized by dead time and reinforcement factors, allowing for adaptive and self-learning control to minimize actuator adjustments and reduce wear.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a standard controller is used to adjust the actuator to maintain the measured pressure at the target value, then the pressure control is achieved, but the actuator experiences significant wear due to frequent and prolonged control activities

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure control stabilityVSAvoidactuator service life
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary identification of dead time and gain factor in a first operational phase before normal control. This preliminary characterization of system behavior enables the predictive controller to anticipate actuator adjustments, reducing frequent and prolonged control activities that cause wear while maintaining pressure stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The controller transitions from a static standard controller to a dynamic model-predictive adaptive controller that incorporates identified system parameters (dead time and gain factor). This dynamic adaptation allows the system to optimize control frequency and duration based on actual system behavior, reducing actuator wear while maintaining control reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Measurement precision

If the actuator position is changed frequently to maintain pressure at target value, then the pressure control accuracy is improved, but the control deviation and overshoot occur due to dead time and gain factor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure measurement accuracyVSAvoidpressure stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses feedback from the differential pressure sensor to continuously monitor the actual pressure value. This feedback is combined with the identified system parameters (dead time and gain factor) in the predictive controller to anticipate and compensate for control delays, reducing oscillations and improving both measurement accuracy and pressure stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the control parameters by incorporating dead time and gain factor into the predictive control algorithm. This parameter-based adaptation allows the controller to adjust its behavior based on the actual system dynamics, reducing overshoot and control deviation while maintaining accurate pressure control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Duration of action of stationary object

If a model-based predictive controller is used to reduce actuator control frequency, then the actuator wear is reduced, but the system requires identification of dead time and gain factor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveactuator service lifeVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements periodic identification of system parameters (dead time and gain factor) during normal operation. This periodic recalibration allows the predictive controller to maintain optimal performance and reduce actuator wear without requiring continuous complex identification procedures, balancing reduced actuator usage with manageable system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

4Reliability

If the control system operates in continuous rapid actuator activation, then the pressure target value is maintained, but regular maintenance and replacement of actuator components are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure control reliabilityVSAvoidactuator maintenance frequency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of repair

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary identification of system characteristics before normal operation, enabling the predictive controller to anticipate required actuator adjustments. This preliminary setup reduces the need for frequent actuator activations during operation, thereby reducing maintenance frequency while maintaining reliable pressure control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP4367441B1Method for model-predictive control of a fuel-air mixture of a system, and an associated system
Publication Date: 2025.04.30 EBM PAPST LANDSHUT GMBH
  • EP4367441B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel-air mixture of a system, wherein: a manipulated variable for controlling an actuator (2) of the system in a first method phase for identification of the system behaviour using a standard controller, in order to adjust the actual value on average to a target value; a profile of the actual value and a profile the manipulated variable are recorded during the first method phase for identification of the system behaviour, and from these the gain factor is determined depending on the manipulated variable and the dead time; after the determination of the dead time and the gain factor in a second method phase for model-predictive adaptive control of the system the manipulated variable is determined using a model-based controller which in particular has a Smith predictor and takes account of the gain factor and the dead time in order to adjust the actual value to the target value, so that in the second method phase the manipulated variable has to be altered less frequently and less significantly by comparison with the first method phase.