Air-Intake Smoke Detection Using Absorption and Scattering Signals
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing air intake type smoke detectors are limited to closed spaces and cannot differentiate between fire and non-fire factors, such as cooking smoke, fine dust, or water vapor, and only detect the presence of fire without identifying its type.
Innovation Solution
An air intake type smoke detector that calculates absorption and scattering coefficients of smoke particles using transmissive and scattering light signals to identify the type of fire or non-fire factors by determining the ratio of molecular absorption and scattering coefficients.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a smoke detector uses only light-emitting and light-receiving elements to detect smoke, then the device structure remains simple and cost-effective, but it cannot differentiate between fire smoke and non-fire factors such as cooking smoke, fine dust, or water vapor
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by measuring multiple optical parameters (transmissive signal intensity and scattering signal intensity) of smoke particles instead of relying on a single detection method. By calculating absorption coefficients and scattering coefficients from these signals, the system achieves more precise smoke characterization and differentiation between fire and non-fire sources while maintaining relatively simple device architecture
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex mechanical or chemical analysis systems with optical field-based detection. By using light transmission and scattering measurements to characterize smoke particles, the system achieves accurate smoke identification without requiring complex mechanical sampling or chemical analysis equipment
2Loss of information
If a smoke detector only detects the presence or absence of fire, then the detection function remains simple, but it cannot identify the type of fire (e.g., common, oil, electricity, or metal) or non-fire factors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts additional information by analyzing the ratio relationship between absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient of smoke particles. This parameter ratio provides characteristic fingerprints that enable identification of different fire types (common, oil, electricity, metal) and non-fire factors, thereby reducing information loss without requiring overly complex analytical equipment
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the smoke detection process into distinct analytical stages: first measuring transmissive and scattering signals, then calculating absorption and scattering coefficients, and finally determining fire type or non-fire factor based on the coefficient ratio. This segmentation allows comprehensive fire characterization while keeping each individual processing step relatively simple
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Accurately identifies the presence and type of fire or non-fire factors with high reliability and affordability, compatible with existing detection systems.
Implementation Method 1
radiating light to smoke particles inhaled into air intake type smoke detector by using a light-emitting element, obtaining a transmissive signal and a scattering signal as the results of the radiation of the light to the smoke particles
Implementation Method 2
calculating the absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient of the smoke particles based on the transmissive signal and the scattering signal
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is an air intake type smoke detector. The air intake type smoke detector performs an operation of radiating light to inhaled smoke particles by using a light-emitting element, obtaining a transmissive signal and a scattering signal as the results of the radiation of the light to the smoke particles by using a light-receiving element, calculating the absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient of the smoke particles based on the transmissive signal and the scattering signal, determining a cause substance of the smoke particles and the presence or absence of fire based on the absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient, and notifying the outside of the results of the determination.