Building Smoke Control Duct Layout for Uniform Floor Pressure
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing smoke control systems in buildings face difficulties in maintaining uniform differential pressures and preventing overpressure in ancillary rooms, as current methods using complex dampers or inverters are inefficient in adjusting wind amounts and have narrow adjustment ranges.
Innovation Solution
A smoke control system with a supply air duct and automatic differential pressure dampers, where opening areas increase with distance from the air supply point, and a gravitational system flap damper is used to manage pressures and flow rates, ensuring uniform differential pressures across multiple floors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a complex damper is used to adjust differential pressure, then the differential pressure can be controlled, but the amount of wind adjustment becomes difficult and the system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The supply air duct is divided into multiple sections with different opening areas at different floors. Each section has a specifically designed opening area that increases with distance from the air supply point, allowing independent control of air flow distribution without complex dampers
Solution Approach 2:
Different opening areas are assigned to different locations in the supply air duct based on their distance from the air supply point. This local differentiation in opening area creates uniform differential pressure distribution across all floors without requiring complex adjustment mechanisms
2Reliability
If an inverter is used to adjust differential pressure by controlling blower RPM, then wind amount can be adjusted, but the adjustment range is narrow and overpressure problems persist
Solution Approach 1:
The opening areas of the supply air duct are pre-calculated and designed based on the number of floors and required differential pressure. This preliminary design ensures uniform air flow distribution and prevents overpressure conditions before the system operates, eliminating the need for complex real-time adjustment
Solution Approach 2:
The physical parameter of opening area is changed at different locations in the supply air duct. By varying the opening area parameter according to distance from the air supply point, the system achieves wide-range adaptability in air flow distribution and differential pressure control
3Device complexity
If uniform opening areas are used in the supply air duct, then the duct structure is simple, but uniform differential pressure cannot be achieved across multiple floors
Solution Approach 1:
The opening areas in the supply air duct are designed asymmetrically, with opening areas that increase as the distance from the air supply point increases. This asymmetric design compensates for pressure losses along the duct length and achieves uniform differential pressure distribution across all floors
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively distributes air flow rates uniformly across ancillary rooms, preventing overpressures and ensuring smoke-proof wind speeds, thereby maintaining safe differential pressures and preventing surging.
Implementation Method 1
a gravitational system flap damper installed at one end of the supply air duct, and operated by an internal pressure of the supply air duct
Data Source
AI summary
A smoke control system of a building including a supply air duct installed in an interior of the building having a plurality of floors in a vertical direction, including a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of floors, respectively, and one end of which is exposed to an outside of the building, a blower that supplies air to the supply air duct, and a plurality of automatic differential pressure dampers installed in a plurality of ancillary rooms provided on the plurality of floors, respectively, to be adjacent to the plurality of openings. Opening areas of the plurality of openings increase as locations of the plurality of openings become farther away from a point, at which air is supplied to the supply air duct by the blower.