Sodium-Ion Battery Electrolyte for Low-Temperature Ion Transfer
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Solution Overview
Problem
Commercially available electrolytic solutions for sodium secondary batteries exhibit increased viscosity and solidification at low temperatures, leading to low ionic conductivity, high electrochemical impedance, and slow kinetic processes, which affect the service life and cycle stability of the batteries.
Innovation Solution
An electrolytic solution for sodium secondary batteries with a sodium metal salt and solvent combination, where the desolvation energy of the sodium ion-solvent complex is less than or equal to 100 kJ/mol, using specific solvents and sodium metal salts to reduce the desolvation energy barrier, thereby enhancing low-temperature performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If commercially available electrolytic solutions are used in sodium secondary batteries, then the batteries can operate at low temperatures, but the electrolytic solution exhibits increased viscosity and solidification, leading to low ionic conductivity and high electrochemical impedance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by introducing specific additives (LiClO4, NaClO4, KBH4, and cyclic carbonate esters) to modify the solvation structure of sodium ions. This parameter change reduces the desolvation energy barrier and prevents electrolyte solidification at low temperatures, thereby maintaining ionic conductivity while enabling low-temperature operation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite electrolyte system by combining multiple components: chain ether solvents, cyclic carbonate esters, and inorganic salt additives. This composite material approach synergistically improves both low-temperature fluidity and ionic conductivity, resolving the contradiction between temperature adaptability and electrical performance
2Temperature
If commercially available electrolytic solutions are used in sodium secondary batteries, then the batteries can operate at low temperatures, but the electrolytic solution exhibits increased viscosity and solidification, leading to slow kinetic processes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the electrolyte composition parameters by adding specific inorganic salts and cyclic carbonate esters that alter the solvation shell structure. This parameter optimization reduces the energy barrier for sodium ion desolvation, thereby accelerating reaction kinetics while maintaining low-temperature operational capability
Solution Approach 2:
The cyclic carbonate ester components act as intermediary substances that facilitate the desolvation process. They temporarily interact with sodium ions to form intermediate solvated complexes with lower stability, enabling easier release of sodium ions for electrochemical reactions at low temperatures, thus improving reaction kinetics
3Stability of the object's composition
If the desolvation energy of sodium ion-solvent complex is high, then the electrolytic solution maintains stability, but the reaction kinetics at low temperature deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the electrolyte composition parameters by introducing cyclic carbonate esters and inorganic salt additives that modify the solvation energy parameters. This creates a balanced solvation structure where the electrolyte remains stable during storage but exhibits reduced desolvation energy during operation, thereby improving reaction kinetics without compromising stability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a dynamic solvation structure where the electrolyte composition adapts between storage and operation states. The cyclic carbonate esters and additives form stable solvated complexes during storage but facilitate easy desolvation during electrochemical reactions, achieving both stability and high reaction kinetics through dynamic molecular behavior
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution improves the reaction kinetics and low-temperature performance of sodium secondary batteries by reducing the desolvation energy barrier, facilitating sodium ion transfer and enhancing conductivity and electrochemical stability.
Implementation Method 1
desolvation energy of a sodium ion-solvent complex formed by sodium ions of the sodium metal salt and the solvent is less than or equal to 100 kJ/mol
Implementation Method 2
sodium ion-solvent complex formed by sodium ions of the sodium metal salt and the solvent
Implementation Method 3
improve the reaction kinetics and low-temperature performance of sodium secondary batteries by reducing the desolvation energy barrier, facilitating sodium ion transfer and enhancing conductivity
Data Source
AI summary
An electrolyte for a sodium-ion secondary battery, a sodium-ion secondary battery, and an electric apparatus. The electrolyte for the sodium-ion secondary battery comprises a metal sodium salt and a solvent, wherein the desolvation energy of a sodium ion-solvent complex formed by sodium ions of the metal sodium salt and the solvent is less than or equal kJ/mol. In this way, the reaction kinetics of the sodium-ion secondary battery at a low temperature can be improved, and the low-temperature performance of the sodium-ion secondary battery is improved.