Software-Assisted Congestion Signaling With Line-Rate Packet Tags

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current congestion control algorithms (CCAs) rely on implicit end-to-end signals, leading to suboptimal network performance and inefficient bandwidth usage due to undershooting or overshooting bottleneck bandwidth, particularly in applications requiring fast network transfers like AI/ML and storage disaggregation.

Innovation Solution

Implementing congestion signaling at line rate through network nodes using compare-and-replace style signals in the same packets as running applications, enabling per-connection or per-packet congestion control with programmable rate update engines, allowing for explicit congestion signals like minimum available path bandwidth and load.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If end-to-end congestion control algorithms rely on implicit signals and heuristics, then the implementation is simple and compatible with legacy hardware, but the network performance is suboptimal with undershooting or overshooting bottleneck bandwidth

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimplementation simplicityVSAvoidnetwork throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary congestion signaling mechanism that operates between end hosts and network nodes. Network nodes (switches, routers) generate explicit congestion signals based on local bottleneck conditions and inject them into data packets. These intermediary signals provide real-time feedback to senders about actual network congestion state, enabling precise rate adjustment without complex end-to-end algorithms or legacy hardware modifications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If explicit congestion signals are implemented at line rate through network nodes, then the congestion control precision is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecongestion detection accuracyVSAvoidnetwork node complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the congestion control function into distributed components across multiple network nodes along the data path. Each node independently monitors its own egress port conditions and generates local congestion signals. This segmentation allows each node to perform simple local measurements and signal generation without requiring complex global optimization algorithms, achieving high precision through distributed simple operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Network nodes perform self-service by autonomously monitoring their own congestion conditions and generating appropriate congestion signals without external control. Each node independently measures its egress port utilization, determines bottleneck status, and injects congestion signals into passing packets. This self-service approach eliminates the need for complex centralized control systems while achieving precise congestion detection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Loss of energy

If congestion signaling is implemented in the same packets as running applications, then the overhead is minimized and packet size is maintained, but the burden on network infrastructure increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork overheadVSAvoidinfrastructure burden
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges congestion signaling with existing data packet transmission by injecting congestion signals directly into the data path alongside application traffic. Congestion signals are combined with data packets at network nodes and transmitted together through the same infrastructure. This merging approach utilizes existing packet routing and transmission mechanisms, avoiding separate signaling channels and minimizing additional overhead on network infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP4614935A1Software assisted implementation of congestion signaling
Publication Date: 2025.09.10 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP4614935A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4614935A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4614935A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Congestion signaling by receiving a packet at a node, the packet comprising a congestion signal tag including a congestion signal value, the congestion signal value having been set by another node among one or more other nodes through which the packet has traveled; comparing the congestion signal value to a mask that is determined according to a local signal value; and replacing the congestion signal value with the local signal value when the comparing indicates that the node is a bottleneck for the packet relative to the another node.