Solar Cell Doping via Selective Barrier Layer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current solar cell manufacturing methods face challenges in optimizing the resistance ratio and thickness of surface field regions to enhance power generation efficiency while maintaining a simplified manufacturing process.

Innovation Solution

A solar cell design featuring a semiconductor substrate with a front surface field region and a back surface field region, both doped with impurities of a first conductive type, along with an emitter region and a tunnel layer, where the resistance ratio of the front to back surface field regions is optimized between 10:1 to 3:1, and the thickness difference between the emitter and back surface field regions is controlled to improve carrier collection efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If separate doping processes are used for front and back surface field regions, then doping precision can be optimized for each region, but manufacturing complexity and process time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedoping precisionVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the doping processes for front surface field region and back surface field region into a single simultaneous doping operation. The diffusion barrier layer is selectively formed only in the back surface field region, allowing dopants to reach the front surface field region while being blocked in the back surface field region. This merging of processes reduces manufacturing steps while maintaining precise doping control through the selective barrier layer configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The diffusion barrier layer acts as an intermediary element that selectively controls dopant distribution. By forming the barrier layer only in specific regions (back surface field region), the patent enables precise doping control without requiring separate doping processes. The barrier layer mediates between the single doping source and the two different field regions, achieving differential doping precision through spatially selective barrier formation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If the resistance ratio between front and back surface field regions is optimized, then carrier collection efficiency improves, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower generation efficiencyVSAvoidresistance ratio control precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating different doping concentrations in different regions through selective barrier layer formation. The front surface field region receives full dopant diffusion for high carrier collection, while the back surface field region has reduced doping due to the barrier layer. This local differentiation of doping quality achieves the optimal resistance ratio (10:1 to 3:1) without requiring ultra-precise global process control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical parameter of dopant concentration distribution by introducing a diffusion barrier layer with specific spatial distribution. This parameter change in the barrier layer configuration directly controls the resulting resistance ratio between front and back surface field regions, enabling efficient carrier collection while simplifying the precision requirements through a single process step.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Manufacturing precision

If a diffusion barrier layer is formed to control doping distribution, then doping precision improves, but device structure and manufacturing complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedoping distribution precisionVSAvoidlayer structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the diffusion barrier layer formation to specific regions (back surface field region) rather than forming it uniformly across the entire surface. This selective spatial segmentation achieves precise doping distribution control where needed while avoiding unnecessary structural complexity in other regions. The barrier layer is segmented to match the functional requirements of different field regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of forming the diffusion barrier layer uniformly across the entire surface and then removing it from specific areas (the conventional approach), the patent inverts the process by forming the barrier layer selectively only in the back surface field region from the beginning. This inverted approach simplifies the overall structure and manufacturing while achieving the same doping precision control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The optimized design enhances carrier collection and reduces recombination, leading to improved power generation efficiency and a simplified manufacturing process by using the same doping source for both surface field regions.

Implementation Method 1

a tunnel layer disposed on a back surface of the semiconductor substrate and formed of a dielectric material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTunneling:

Implementation Method 2

a thermal diffusion operation for thermally diffusing a doping source containing impurities of the first conductive type

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal diffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 3

implanting impurities of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type into a first area of the intrinsic semiconductor layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon implantation: Ion Implantation

Implementation Method 4

solar cells for generating electric energy from solar energy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotovoltaic effect: Photovoltaic Effect

Data Source

PatentEP2980858B1Method for manufacturing a solar cell
Publication Date: 2021.06.30 LG ELECTRONICS INC
  • EP2980858B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2980858B1 patent drawingFigure 2(a)~2(b)
  • EP2980858B1 patent drawingFigure 3(a)~3(b)

AI summary

A solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate doped with impurities of a first conductive type, a front surface field region disposed at a front surface of the substrate and doped with impurities of the first conductive type at a concentration higher than those of the substrate, a tunnel layer disposed on a back surface of the substrate and formed of a dielectric material, an emitter region disposed at a first portion of a back surface of the tunnel layer and doped with impurities of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type, and a back surface field region disposed at a second portion of the back surface of the tunnel layer and doped with impurities of the first conductive type at a concentration higher than those of the substrate.