Solar Cell Electrode Paste with Lead Oxide for Contact Resistance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing solar cell electrode pastes face challenges in achieving optimal contact resistance and efficiency, particularly with the use of lead-containing materials which pose environmental concerns and result in weak contact resistance with semiconductor substrates.
Innovation Solution
A paste composition comprising conductive particles, a lead-free glass frit, an organic vehicle, and lead oxide, where the lead oxide is added in specific weight percentages to enhance contact resistance and efficiency, while minimizing environmental impact.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If lead oxide is added to improve contact resistance, then contact resistance is improved, but environmental safety deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the amount of lead oxide added to the paste composition. By optimizing the concentration of lead oxide within specific ranges (0.01-5 wt% in some embodiments, 0.05-1.5 wt% in others), the invention achieves improved contact resistance while minimizing environmental harm. This quantitative parameter optimization allows the system to operate at the boundary where performance benefits are maximized and environmental risks are minimized.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite materials by combining lead oxide with lead-free glass frit in a specific paste formulation. The composite composition includes conductive particles (such as silver), glass frit (partially lead-free), and controlled amounts of lead oxide. This composite approach allows the beneficial electrical properties from lead oxide to be harnessed while the lead-free glass frit component provides environmental safety, creating a balanced material system that addresses both performance and environmental concerns.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If lead-free glass frit is used to ensure environmental safety, then environmental safety is improved, but contact resistance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses lead oxide as an intermediary substance that bridges the gap between lead-free glass frit and the required contact resistance performance. The lead oxide acts as a mediating component that enhances the electrical contact properties of the otherwise environmentally safe lead-free glass frit system. By introducing this intermediate element in controlled amounts, the invention maintains the environmental benefits of lead-free glass frit while achieving the necessary contact resistance through the mediating effect of lead oxide.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite material system where lead-free glass frit is combined with lead oxide and conductive particles. This composite formulation allows the lead-free glass frit to provide environmental safety while the lead oxide and conductive particles work together to achieve adequate contact resistance. The synergistic interaction among these components resolves the contradiction between environmental safety and electrical performance.
3Reliability
If lead oxide is added in small amounts to improve contact resistance, then contact resistance is improved, but efficiency deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing multiple parameters simultaneously: the amount of lead oxide (0.01-5 wt% or 0.05-1.5 wt%), the composition of glass frit, the type and amount of conductive particles, and the organic vehicle composition. By carefully adjusting these parameters within specific ranges, the invention achieves a balance where contact resistance is improved without significantly compromising photoelectric efficiency. The precise parameter control ensures that performance gains in contact resistance do not come at the cost of overall cell efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The paste improves contact resistance and photoelectric efficiency of solar cell electrodes, with the use of lead oxide in amounts up to 1.5 wt% providing significant enhancements, and the lead-free glass frit ensuring environmental safety.
Implementation Method 1
lead oxide, where the lead oxide is added in specific weight percentages to enhance contact resistance
Implementation Method 2
the photovoltaic effect of the p-n junction is induced by sunlight entering the wafer and electrons generated by the photovoltaic effect of the p-n junction provide an electric current flowing to the outside through the electrodes
Data Source
AI summary
A paste for solar cell electrodes includes conductive particles, a glass frit, an organic vehicle, and lead oxide. The lead oxide may be added in an amount of about 0.05 to about 1.5 wt % with respect to a total weight of the paste.