Solar Cell Electrode Paste with TeO2 Glass Frit
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing solar cell electrode pastes face challenges in minimizing adverse influences on the p-n junction due to varying surface resistances, leading to increased contact resistance and reduced solar cell efficiency, particularly in high surface resistance scenarios.
Innovation Solution
A paste composition comprising an organic vehicle, a conductive powder, and a glass frit with TeO2 and a transition metal oxide component, such as NiO, WO3, or Co2O3, which provides low contact resistance and high junction quality, minimizing adverse effects on the p-n junction and improving efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional electrode paste is used, then manufacturing process is simple, but contact resistance increases and solar cell efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the glass frit by incorporating specific transition metal oxides (NiO, WO3, Co2O3) with controlled melting points and ratios. This parameter change in the glass frit composition enables it to effectively reduce contact resistance while maintaining manufacturing simplicity, directly resolving the technical contradiction between reliability and productivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite glass frit material combining multiple components including TeO2, PbO, Bi2O3, and transition metal oxides in specific ratios. This composite material achieves synergistic effects where the combination of components provides both low contact resistance and high solar cell efficiency, resolving the contradiction between reliability and productivity through material composition optimization.
2Reliability
If glass frit composition is optimized for low contact resistance, then reliability improves, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent establishes specific parameter ranges for glass frit components (TeO2: 15-70 wt%, PbO: 10-50 wt%, Bi2O3: 5-35 wt%, transition metal oxide: 1-15 wt%) that achieve optimal junction quality and low contact resistance. By defining these precise compositional parameters, the patent maintains manufacturing feasibility while improving reliability, resolving the contradiction between junction quality and composition complexity.
3Stability of the object's composition
If transition metal oxide with high melting point is used, then p-n junction stability improves, but processing temperature requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent selects transition metal oxides with specific melting point parameters (1300-2000°C) and controls their content at 1-15 wt% in the glass frit. This parameter optimization allows the high-melting-point oxides to stabilize the p-n junction while the controlled concentration prevents excessive processing temperature requirements, resolving the contradiction between junction stability and processing temperature.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite glass frit system where transition metal oxides work synergistically with lower-melting-point components (PbO, Bi2O3, TeO2). The composite structure allows the high-melting-point oxides to provide junction stability while the other components facilitate processing at manageable temperatures, resolving the contradiction between stability and processing temperature through material composition design.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition effectively reduces contact resistance and enhances solar cell efficiency by stabilizing the p-n junction, even with varying surface resistances, resulting in high-efficiency electrodes.
Implementation Method 1
a glass frit, the glass frit including TeO2, and a transition metal oxide component, the transitional metal oxide component including one or more of a transition metal oxide having a melting point of about 1300° C. or more
Implementation Method 2
Solar cells may be used to generate electric energy through the photovoltaic effect of a p-n junction that converts photons of sunlight into electricity
Data Source
AI summary
A paste composition for a solar cell electrode includes including an organic vehicle, a conductive powder, and a glass frit, the glass frit including TeO2, and a transition metal oxide component, the transitional metal oxide component including one or more of a transition metal oxide having a melting point of about 1300° C. or more.