Solar Module Thermochromic Indicators for Hotspot Detection

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Solar cell modules experience defects during manufacturing or post-installation failures, leading to reduced power generation efficiency and hotspot phenomena, which are difficult to detect in module level power electronics (MLPE) systems.

Innovation Solution

Incorporation of thermochromic pigments in electrode ribbons and frames that change color with temperature changes, allowing visual detection of module performance without separate diagnostic devices.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If module level power electronics (MLPE) systems are used to control power conversion in units of modules, then power generation efficiency is improved, but detection of solar modules that do not normally operate becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower generation efficiencyVSAvoiddetection of abnormal modules
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies thermochromic pigments to the electrode ribbons and frames that change color in response to temperature variations. When a solar module operates abnormally and generates excessive heat (hotspot phenomenon), the temperature increase triggers a color change in the pigment, providing immediate visual detection of the abnormal module without requiring complex diagnostic devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #32Color changes

2Measurement precision

If separate diagnostic devices or communication devices are used to detect module failures, then detection accuracy is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The solar module performs self-diagnosis through the thermochromic pigment integrated into its structure. The module automatically indicates its operational status through color changes based on temperature, eliminating the need for external diagnostic devices or communication systems. This self-service approach maintains detection accuracy while significantly reducing system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Ease of operation

If visual indicators are added to electrode ribbons or frames, then ease of operation for checking module status is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of checking module statusVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The thermochromic pigment is integrated directly into the electrode ribbons or frames during the manufacturing process, merging the indicator function with existing structural components. This approach provides easy visual checking of module status while avoiding the need for separate indicator devices, thereby minimizing the increase in manufacturing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables quick identification of failed modules through color changes, improving productivity and maintaining continuous power generation by visually checking power generation amounts and operating states.

Implementation Method 1

the electrode ribbon includes a first indicator of which a color changes according to a temperature change of the plurality of cells

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermochromism: Thermochromism

Data Source

PatentEP4651677A1Solar cell module and power generation system
Publication Date: 2025.11.19 HANWHA SOLUTIONS CORP
  • EP4651677A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4651677A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4651677A1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

The present disclosure provides a solar cell module including a plurality of cells, an electrode ribbon configured to connect the plurality of cells, a sealing unit configured to seal the plurality of cells, a frame disposed on one surface of the sealing unit, and a backsheet configured to support another surface of the sealing unit, wherein the electrode ribbon includes a first indicator of which a color changes according to a temperature change of the plurality of cells.