Solder Alloy Composition for Stable Paste Viscosity and Wettability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Solder pastes face challenges in maintaining stable viscosity and wettability over time, especially with miniaturization of electronic devices, leading to issues with mechanical properties and temperature differences in solder joints, which affect the reliability of connections.

Innovation Solution

A solder alloy composition with specific ranges of As, Bi, Pb, and Sb is developed to suppress viscosity increase, enhance wettability, and narrow the temperature difference between liquidus and solidus temperatures, ensuring stable performance and improved mechanical properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a flux having a high activity is used to improve the wettability of the molten solder, then the wettability is improved, but the reaction of the solder alloy and the active agent increases, thereby increasing the viscosity of the paste

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovewettabilityVSAvoidviscosity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the solder alloy by adding As (0.003-0.03 mass%) and Sb (0.003-0.03 mass%) elements. These compositional changes suppress the oxidation of Sn and improve wettability without requiring high-flux activity, thereby avoiding excessive viscosity increase while achieving reliable soldering performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite solder alloy system combining Sn base metal with As and Sb additive elements. This composite composition works synergistically where As suppresses oxidation and Sb improves wettability, achieving both low viscosity and high wettability through material composition optimization rather than flux strength adjustment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Stability of the object's composition

If the amount of As is increased to suppress the increase in viscosity, then the viscosity increase is suppressed, but the fusibility is deteriorated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveviscosity stabilityVSAvoidfusibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the As content to a specific range (0.003-0.03 mass%) where it effectively suppresses viscosity increase through oxidation inhibition, while simultaneously introducing Sb (0.003-0.03 mass%) to improve wettability and compensate for any fusibility deterioration, achieving a balanced parameter optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The Sb element acts as an intermediary that mitigates the negative effects of As on fusibility. While As suppresses viscosity increase, Sb compensates for fusibility deterioration by improving wetting characteristics, creating a balanced system where neither element's drawbacks dominate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Volume of moving object

If an electronic device is miniaturized to achieve smaller size, then the size is reduced, but the time required to use up the purchased solder paste is prolonged, leading to viscosity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice sizeVSAvoidviscosity stability over time
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The solder alloy composition itself provides the solution by incorporating As and Sb elements that actively suppress oxidation and viscosity increase during storage. The material self-regulates its stability properties through its compositional design, eliminating the need for external preservation measures even when storage time is extended due to miniaturization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentUS11583959B2Solder alloy, solder power, and solder joint
Publication Date: 2023.02.21 SENJU METAL IND CO LTD

AI summary

A solder alloy is provided which suppresses the change in a solder paste over time, decreases the temperature difference between the liquidus-line temperature and the solidus temperature, and exhibits a high reliability. The solder alloy has an alloy constitution composed of: 10 ppm by mass or more and less than 25 ppm by mass of As; at least one selected from the group consisting of 0 ppm by mass to 10000 ppm by mass of Bi and 0 ppm by mass to 5100 ppm by mass of Pb; more than 0 ppm by mass and no more than 3000 ppm by mass of Sb; and a remaining amount of Sn; and satisfies both the formula (1) and the formula (2).300≤3As+Sb+Bi+Pb  (1)0.1≤{(3As+Sb)/(Bi+Pb)}×100≤200  (2)In the formula (1) and the formula (2), As, Sb, Bi, and Pb each represents an amount thereof (ppm by mass) in the alloy constitution.