Solder Resist Pigment Composition for Immersion Cooling Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Solder resists containing metallic phthalocyanine pigments are not chemically compatible with hydrocarbon immersion cooling fluids, leading to discoloration and accelerated degradation of the solder resist and contamination of the cooling fluid, which disrupts the reliability of image analysis and increases downtime due to fluid replacement.
Innovation Solution
Use of non-metallic phthalocyanine pigments, such as H2Pc, indanthrene, and ultramarine, in solder resists that are chemically compatible with hydrocarbon cooling fluids, preventing discoloration and degradation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Illumination intensity
If metallic phthalocyanine pigments are used in solder resists, then color strength and coverage are improved, but chemical compatibility with hydrocarbon cooling fluids deteriorates leading to discoloration and degradation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameter of the pigment by removing the metal center from the phthalocyanine structure. This transforms the pigment from metallic phthalocyanine (which reacts with hydrocarbon cooling fluids) to non-metallic phthalocyanine (which is chemically compatible), thereby resolving the contradiction between color strength and chemical compatibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the durable but reactive metallic phthalocyanine pigment with a non-metallic alternative that, while providing similar color strength, offers long-term stability in immersion cooling environments. This substitution eliminates the need for frequent solder resist replacement due to chemical degradation.
2Illumination intensity
If metallic phthalocyanine pigments are used in solder resists, then color strength is improved, but solder resist stability in immersion cooling environments deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure parameter of the pigment by eliminating the metal center, transforming metallic phthalocyanine into non-metallic phthalocyanine. This structural change maintains the pigment's color strength while dramatically improving its stability in hydrocarbon immersion cooling environments by eliminating the reactive metal center.
3Illumination intensity
If metallic phthalocyanine pigments are used in solder resists, then color strength is improved, but cooling fluid purity deteriorates due to pigment leaching
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful reactive metal center of metallic phthalocyanine into a beneficial non-metallic structure. By removing the metal center, the pigment retains its color strength while eliminating its ability to leach into and contaminate the hydrocarbon cooling fluid, thus protecting fluid purity.
Solution Approach 2:
The non-metallic phthalocyanine pigment acts as an intermediary between the solder resist and the hydrocarbon cooling fluid. It provides the necessary color coverage for the solder resist while being chemically inert in the hydrocarbon environment, preventing direct harmful interactions between the metal-containing pigment and the cooling fluid.
Data Source
AI summary
Systems, apparatus, articles of manufacture, and methods to reduce discoloration of solder resists in immersion cooling environments are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a substrate. The example apparatus further includes a solder resist layer on an exterior surface of the substrate. The solder resist layer does not include a transition metal.