Sensor Weighting for Solid Fuel Combustion Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing domestic combustion systems for solid organic fuels face challenges in accurately controlling pollutant emissions and energy yield due to imprecise air supply regulation, particularly during different combustion phases, as they rely on single sensors that provide a sum signal for various exhaust gases, leading to suboptimal combustion conditions.
Innovation Solution
The use of multiple sensors with different cross-sensitivities to specific exhaust gas components, such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, to form a manipulated variable for air supply control, with phase-specific weighting of sensor signals to precisely regulate air supply based on the combustion phase, enhancing the control of combustion conditions and reducing emissions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a single sensor is used to detect exhaust gas composition, then the device complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision of individual exhaust gas components deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The exhaust gas detection is segmented into multiple independent sensor channels, each dedicated to detecting specific components (CO, CO2, O2, NOx, hydrocarbons). This segmentation allows precise measurement of individual components while maintaining manageable system complexity through modular sensor architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The sensor system is designed with multi-functionality to detect multiple exhaust gas components simultaneously using a single integrated detection unit. This universal approach improves measurement precision for various components without proportionally increasing device complexity, as the system performs multiple detection functions within a unified structure.
2Device complexity
If air supply is controlled based on sum signal from all exhaust gases, then the control system is simplified, but the combustion control precision during different phases deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The control system dynamically adjusts air supply based on real-time detection of specific exhaust gas components and their ratios. The control parameters change dynamically according to combustion phase (ignition, steady-state, burnout) by monitoring component-specific concentrations, enabling precise combustion control without excessive system complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback control by continuously monitoring specific exhaust gas components and adjusting air supply accordingly. The feedback mechanism uses component-specific concentration data to optimize combustion efficiency and reduce emissions, achieving high control precision through targeted feedback loops for different gas components.
3Manufacturing precision
If phase-specific weighting of sensor signals is implemented, then the combustion control precision is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The control algorithm changes parameters (weighting factors) based on detected combustion phase and exhaust gas composition. During different phases (ignition, steady-state, burnout), the system dynamically adjusts the weighting of sensor signals to optimize control precision, implementing adaptive parameter changes rather than fixed weighting schemes.
Solution Approach 2:
Different weighting factors are applied locally to different sensor signals depending on the combustion phase and component being monitored. This local quality approach allows precise control by tailoring the weighting of each sensor's contribution to the control decision, optimizing combustion control without requiring uniformly complex processing across all signals.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for more precise control of air supply, improving energy yield and reducing pollutant emissions by accurately determining the composition of exhaust gases across various combustion phases, leading to better combustion efficiency and reduced pollution.
Implementation Method 1
at least two sensors detecting exhaust gas components are provided for determining components of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas flow and at least one temperature sensor, with the residual oxygen present in the exhaust gas being able to be determined by means of an oxygen sensor
Implementation Method 2
a temperature sensor for detecting the combustion temperature can be provided. This can be arranged directly on the combustion bed or in the exhaust gas space
Implementation Method 3
the supply of air is controlled by means of controlled variables, for example the combustion temperature and the quantity of air supplied
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
The invention relates to a method and a device for carrying it out for the combustion of solid organic fuels in a domestic heating system, wherein the combustion process during different combustion phases (CP) is controlled by means of a control system for at least one air supply device, depending on the chemical composition of the exhaust gas from the domestic heating system, using sensors. In order to further reduce the pollutant emissions of the domestic heating system, a control variable (CV) for the at least one air supply device is generated from a combination of measurement signals (M(S1), MS2)) from at least two sensors with different cross-sectional sensitivities to exhaust gas components, wherein the measurement signals (M(S1), M(S2)) of the individual sensors are weighted differently depending on the combustion phase (CP).