High Water Content Solid Phosphoric Acid Catalyst for Olefin Dimerization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional solid phosphoric acid catalysts are not effective for selective olefin dimerization, leading to the production of highly polymeric by-products and requiring stringent water content control, which complicates catalyst preparation and storage.
Innovation Solution
A solid phosphoric acid catalyst with a water content of 50 mass % or more, based on diphosphorus pentaoxide, supported on a carrier, is used in a method involving controlled temperature and pressure conditions during the dimerization reaction, with initial contact of the catalyst with a hydrocarbon containing water, followed by introduction of an olefin-containing raw material.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If conventional solid phosphoric acid catalysts are used for olefin dimerization, then the catalyst can be prepared with controlled water content, but highly polymeric by-products are produced and dimerization selectivity is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the water content parameter of the solid phosphoric acid catalyst from the conventional 31 mass% or less to 50 mass% or more. This parameter change fundamentally alters the catalyst's selectivity, enabling high dimerization selectivity while suppressing highly polymeric by-products. The higher water content modifies the catalyst's acid strength and active site characteristics, leading to the desired selective dimerization reaction.
2Manufacturing precision
If conventional solid phosphoric acid catalysts are used, then the catalyst can be prepared with low water content, but stringent water content control is required which complicates catalyst preparation and storage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent inverts the conventional approach by not controlling water content to be low, but rather controlling it to be high (50 mass% or more). This inversion simplifies the preparation and storage processes because maintaining high water content is easier than maintaining low water content, eliminating the need for stringent drying and moisture control procedures while achieving the desired catalytic performance.
3Duration of action of moving object
If conventional solid phosphoric acid catalysts with low water content are used, then the catalyst can be prepared, but the catalyst life is short and reactivity is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the water content parameter from low (conventional) to high (50 mass% or more), which simultaneously improves both catalyst life and reactivity. The higher water content stabilizes the catalyst structure, preventing degradation and extending catalyst life, while also providing sufficient reactivity for efficient olefin dimerization. This parameter change resolves the contradiction between catalyst stability and activity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach results in high reactivity and selectivity for olefin dimer production, with a long catalyst life and stable reaction initiation, avoiding excessive polymeric by-products and simplifying catalyst handling.
Implementation Method 1
A solid phosphoric acid catalyst comprising a phosphoric acid supported on a carrier is used in a method involving controlled temperature and pressure conditions during the dimerization reaction
Implementation Method 2
an water content of the solid phosphoric acid catalyst defined as a weight loss obtained by heating at 250° C. for 20 minutes is 50 mass % or more based on a diphosphorus pentaoxide (P2O5) derived from the phosphoric acid
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides a solid phosphoric acid catalyst which has high activity and attains high dimer selectivity in olefin dimerization reactions and efficient methods of olefin dimerization. The solid phosphoric acid catalyst comprises a carrier and phosphoric acid supported thereon. When the solid phosphoric acid catalyst is heated at 250° C. for 20 minutes, heating loss of water is 50 mass % or more based on diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) derived from the phosphoric acid. A method of olefin dimerization comprises bringing an olefin-containing feed material containing water in an amount of 10-1000 mass ppm into contact with the catalyst to initiate the reaction.