Solid Shut Layer in Secondary Batteries for Dendrite Blocking
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium ion batteries face the risk of short circuits due to lithium metal dendrite growth from the negative electrode reaching the positive electrode, which can lead to decreased battery performance and safety issues, especially when the lithium ion conductive liquid in the shut layer leaks and contacts the negative electrode.
Innovation Solution
A secondary battery configuration that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte layer, and a shut layer, where the electrolyte layer is made of lithium ion conductive solid materials such as pyrochlore, NASICON, or perovskite solid electrolytes, and the shut layer contains lithium ion conductive solid materials that significantly reduce conductivity when in contact with lithium metal, preventing dendrite growth and short circuits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a lithium ion conductive liquid is used in the shut layer, then lithium ion conductivity is maintained for normal operation, but the liquid may leak and contact the negative electrode causing short circuits
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical state parameter of the lithium ion conductive material from liquid to solid. The solid material maintains lithium ion conductivity for normal battery operation while eliminating the leakage issue inherent in liquid electrolytes, thus preventing short circuits caused by liquid contact with the negative electrode
Solution Approach 2:
The solid material is designed to be consumed or deactivated when it contacts lithium metal dendrites. Upon contact, the solid material undergoes a chemical reaction that reduces its lithium ion conductivity, effectively sacrificing itself to stop dendrite growth and prevent short circuits
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed configuration effectively suppresses short circuits and ensures stable battery performance by reducing lithium ion conductivity and increasing resistance when lithium metal contacts the shut layer, thereby enhancing safety and extending the battery's cycle life.
Implementation Method 1
The electrolyte layer is made of an electrolyte material having lithium ion conductivity
Implementation Method 2
contains a lithium ion conductive solid material having lithium ion conductivity, wherein the lithium ion conductivity is reduced when in contact with lithium metal
Data Source
AI summary
A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte layer, and a shut layer. The electrolyte layer is made of an electrolyte material having lithium ion conductivity. The shut layer contains a lithium ion conductive solid material having lithium ion conductivity. The electrolyte layer is interposed between the negative electrode and the shut layer. The shut layer is made of only a lithium ion conductive solid material or a mixture of the lithium ion conductive solid material. The lithium ion conductive solid material is at least one of a pyrochlore solid electrolyte, a NASICON solid electrolyte, and a perovskite solid electrolyte. The lithium ion conductive solid material has a larger decrease in lithium ion conductivity when in contact with lithium metal than the electrolyte material.