Solid-State Battery Layered Heterostructure for Low-Resistance Interfaces
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing solid-state batteries face issues with direct contact between the solid electrolyte and electrode leading to chemical side reactions and cell shorts due to metal deposition, resulting in high interfacial resistance and limited current density.
Innovation Solution
A sandwiched ionic-mixed-electronic heterostructure is introduced, comprising a stacking of ionic and electronic conductors that avoids direct contact between the ionic conductor and electrode, reducing interfacial resistance and allowing metal deposition between the mixed conductor and electronic conductor, thereby preventing cell shorts and enabling high current density operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If direct contact between solid electrolyte and electrode is implemented, then battery structure is simple, but chemical side reactions occur and interfacial resistance increases
Solution Approach 1:
A mixed conductor layer is introduced as an intermediary between the ionic conductor (solid electrolyte) and the electronic conductor (electrode). This mixed conductor prevents direct contact between the ionic conductor and electrode, thereby eliminating chemical side reactions and reducing interfacial resistance, while maintaining a relatively simple overall battery structure.
2Productivity
If metal deposition is allowed to occur, then battery can operate at high current density, but cell shorts occur due to metal deposition
Solution Approach 1:
The mixed conductor layer serves as a mediator that controls metal deposition. It allows the battery to operate at high current densities by facilitating ion transport while simultaneously preventing uncontrolled metal deposition that would cause cell shorts, thus maintaining both high productivity and reliability.
3Ease of manufacture
If ionic conductor and electrode are in direct contact, then manufacturing process is simple, but interfacial resistance is high
Solution Approach 1:
The mixed conductor layer is integrated into the battery manufacturing process as an intermediary component. While it adds one additional layer, it significantly reduces interfacial resistance and improves overall battery performance, making the manufacturing process manageable and the resulting product highly reliable.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration significantly reduces interfacial resistance, prevents cell shorts, and allows solid-state metal batteries to operate at high current densities up to 10 mA/cm2, enhancing safety and performance.
Implementation Method 1
a first mixed conductor disposed on the first electrode. The first mixed conductor may include a mixture of ionic and electronic conductors
Implementation Method 2
The first mixed conductor may include a mixture of ionic and electronic conductors
Implementation Method 3
the interfacial resistance is significantly reduced
Implementation Method 4
the metal deposition prefers to electrochemically grow between the mixed conductor and electronic conductor, preventing the cell short
Data Source
AI summary
A solid-state battery and process of forming the same is provided. The solid-state battery includes a first electrode. The solid-state battery includes a first mixed conductor disposed on the first electrode. The first mixed conductor includes a mixture of ionic and electronic conductors. The solid-state battery includes an ionic conductor disposed on the first mixed conductor. The solid-state battery includes a second electrode disposed on top of the ionic conductor disposed on the first mixed conductor.