All-solid-state battery operable at room temperature and method of manufacturing same

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Solution Overview

Problem

All-solid-state batteries using solid electrolytes have lower energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes, and anode-less all-solid-state batteries face issues with non-uniform lithium deposition and dead lithium formation, hindering their commercialization and performance.

Innovation Solution

An anode-less all-solid-state battery design incorporating a negative electrode current collector with an intermediate layer containing a lithium alloy and carbon, allowing lithium ion conduction while preventing lithium alloy passage, enabling operation at room temperature without the need for high-temperature lithiation reactions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If an anode-less all-solid-state battery design is used to increase energy density, then energy density is improved, but lithium deposition becomes non-uniform and dead lithium is formed

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveenergy densityVSAvoidlithium deposition uniformity

Core Design Contradiction:

Quantity of substanceVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

A lithium alloy intermediate layer is introduced between the negative electrode current collector and the solid electrolyte layer. This intermediate layer acts as a mediator that facilitates uniform lithium ion distribution during deposition, preventing dead lithium formation while maintaining the anode-less design's high energy density advantage.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The lithium alloy intermediate layer is prepared in advance before lithium ion deposition. This preliminary structure provides a controlled interface that guides subsequent lithium ion deposition, ensuring uniform distribution from the start of the charging process rather than allowing random deposition.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If a solid electrolyte layer is used instead of liquid electrolyte, then battery structure is simplified and safety is improved, but energy density decreases due to higher specific gravity

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvebattery safetyVSAvoidenergy density

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The lithium alloy intermediate layer is specifically positioned at the negative electrode interface where lithium ion deposition occurs. This localized composition change optimizes lithium ion distribution at the critical interface without requiring changes to the entire battery structure, maintaining the safety benefits of solid electrolytes while improving local energy density.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #3Local quality

3Ease of manufacture

If room temperature operation is achieved without high-temperature lithiation reactions, then manufacturing complexity is reduced and energy consumption is lowered, but lithium ion conductivity may be insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvemanufacturing complexityVSAvoidlithium ion conductivity

Core Design Contradiction:

Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The lithium alloy intermediate layer changes the physical and chemical parameters of the negative electrode interface, including electrical conductivity and lithium ion binding energy. These parameter changes enable effective lithium ion conduction at room temperature without requiring high-temperature processing steps, simplifying manufacturing while maintaining conductivity.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The battery achieves efficient lithium ion conductivity and uniform deposition, enhancing energy density and operational stability at room temperature, thus overcoming previous limitations in energy storage and commercial viability.

Implementation Method 1

An anode-less all-solid-state battery design incorporating a negative electrode current collector with an intermediate layer containing a lithium alloy and carbon, allowing lithium ion conduction

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectIon conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

lithium ions (Li+) are directly deposited as lithium metal on an anode current collector. However, this anode-less all-solid-state battery has a problem in that lithium deposition is not uniform and thus dead lithium is formed

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectLithium deposition: Electrodeposition

Data Source

PatentUS20230395806A1All-solid-state battery operable at room temperature and method of manufacturing same

Publication Date: 2023.12.07 HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD

AI summary

Disclosed herein is an all-solid-state battery operable at room temperature and a method of manufacturing the same. The all-solid-state battery includes a negative electrode current collector, an intermediate layer positioned on the negative electrode current collector and including include a carbon component and a lithium alloy, a solid electrolyte layer positioned on the intermediate layer, a positive electrode active material layer positioned on the solid electrolyte layer and including a positive electrode active material that stores and releases lithium ions, and a positive electrode current collector positioned on the positive electrode active material layer.