Solid-State Electrolyte Using Di-Lithium Phthalocyanine
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries face challenges such as low specific ionic conductivity, high activation energy, and integration difficulties due to high-impedances at the electrolyte/electrode interface, which are costly to address and can introduce additional problems.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a low energy of activation lithium ion conducting channel based on di-lithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc) with hybrids that reduce electronic conductivity issues, allowing for inkjet processing and integration of cell components, and using large unsaturated aromatic anions with nitrogenous cations to separate lithium ions and prevent electronic conduction.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If LIPON is used as solid-state electrolyte, then non-flammable safety is improved, but specific ionic conductivity deteriorates (10^-6 S/cm at room temperature)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses Li2Pc hybrid materials that combine organic molecular structures with lithium ion conducting channels, creating a composite solid-state electrolyte that achieves high ionic conductivity (10^-3 S/cm) while maintaining the non-flammable safety of solid-state materials
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the chemical structure by incorporating large unsaturated aromatic anions with nitrogenous cations to separate lithium ions, changing the physical and chemical parameters of the electrolyte to achieve low activation energy (6.1 kJ/mol) and high ionic conductivity
2Reliability
If glass-ceramic solid-state electrolytes are used, then specific ionic conductivity is improved (10^-3 S/cm), but processing complexity deteriorates (requires Argon-filled dry box)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs solution-processing techniques using common non-aqueous solvents instead of requiring expensive and complex Argon-filled dry box equipment, making the manufacturing process simpler and more accessible while achieving comparable ionic conductivity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical vacuum/argon atmosphere system with solution-based processing methods, substituting complex equipment requirements with simpler chemical solution techniques for depositing solid-state electrolyte films
3Reliability
If Li2Pc is used for high lithium ion conductivity, then specific ionic conductivity is improved (10^-3 S/cm), but electronic conductivity deteriorates (electronic conductor)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces nitrogenous cations (tetraalkylammonium, imidazolium, pyridinium) that locally separate the large unsaturated aromatic anions, creating regions with suppressed electronic conduction while preserving lithium ion conducting channels
Solution Approach 2:
The nitrogenous cations act as intermediary species between the aromatic anions, physically separating them to prevent π-orbital overlap and electronic conduction while allowing lithium ions to move through the structure
4Ease of manufacture
If sputtering is used for LIPON integration, then electrolyte film deposition is achieved, but fabrication difficulty and cost deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses solution-based deposition methods where electrolyte materials are dissolved in common organic solvents and applied via inkjet or other solution processing techniques, replacing vacuum sputtering with liquid-phase processing
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical state of the electrolyte material from requiring vacuum deposition to being soluble in common solvents, fundamentally altering the processing parameters from gas-phase sputtering to liquid-phase deposition
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Achieves high lithium ion conductivity over a broad temperature range, stability up to 200°C, and cost-effective integration, while avoiding potential fire hazards and maintaining electronic insulation.
Implementation Method 1
a thin film of Li2Pc has an Ea of 6.1 kJ/mol and a specific ionic conductivity of 10−3 S/cm over a temperature range from −50 ° C. to +50 ° C.
Implementation Method 2
The purpose of the nitrogenous cation is to separate the large unsaturated aromatic anion within the molecular lattice so as to avoid electronic conduction via π orbital overlap.
Implementation Method 3
the hybrids maintaining the high lithium ion conductivity associated with Li2Pc but have an added benefit of being soluble in common non-aqueous solvents. Therefore, the hybrids may be deposited by inkjet processing
Data Source
AI summary
A solid-state electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries. The solid state electrolyte comprises a large unsaturated aromatic anion and a lithium charge carrier. The large unsaturated aromatic anion is selected from a di-lithium phthalocyanine and a di-lithium porphyrin, wherein one of the lithium ions of the unsaturated aromatic anion is replaced with a nitrogenous cation.