Solvent Extraction Desalination Apparatus

The patent changes the physical-chemical parameters of the system by introducing a solvent that forms a selective liquid-liquid extraction system. Instead of using high-energy phase change (distillation) or high-pressure membrane processes (reverse osmosis), the invention uses temperature-dependent solubility changes and density differences to achieve separation at much lower energy levels. The solvent system allows water to be extracted from seawater through controlled parameter changes rather than extreme conditions.

The patent introduces a solvent as an intermediary substance that mediates the separation process. The solvent acts as a carrier that selectively dissolves water from the seawater mixture, forming a separate phase that can be easily decanted. This intermediary approach avoids the need for direct high-energy input methods like heating to boiling point or applying high pressure to membranes.

The patent extracts the essential separation function from complex industrial systems (distillation columns, high-pressure pumps, membrane modules) and implements it through a simple liquid-liquid extraction process. The core function of separating water from salt is achieved by adding a solvent that creates two immiscible phases, allowing separation through simple decantation rather than complex equipment.

The patent employs a simple, inexpensive solvent system that can be easily replaced or regenerated if needed. Rather than investing in expensive, complex infrastructure like distillation plants or reverse osmosis facilities, the invention uses a straightforward chemical extraction approach with materials that are easier and cheaper to obtain and maintain.

The patent creates a solvent system that performs multiple functions simultaneously: it selectively extracts water from seawater, tolerates the presence of salts and impurities without requiring pre-filtration, and creates a separable phase for easy recovery. This multi-functional approach eliminates the need for separate pre-treatment steps that would be required by conventional methods.

Instead of trying to remove salt from water (the conventional approach), the patent inverts the problem by extracting water from the salt-water mixture using a solvent. This reverse approach allows the process to tolerate high salt concentrations and impurities that would normally require pre-treatment, as the solvent selectively binds to water molecules regardless of the salt content.