Fermented Soy Sauce HEMF Reduction via Water Ratio Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional brewed soy sauce production methods struggle to reduce the characteristic soy sauce smell (HEMF) while maintaining the desirable yeast-derived flavor components like methionol, resulting in soy sauces with either strong soy sauce smells or compromised quality.

Innovation Solution

Increasing the water ratio of the aqueous common salt solution to 170-450% during fermentation and adding additional koji or moromi to the first stage moromi, allowing for further fermentation and maturation, which reduces HEMF to 15.0 ppm or less and maintains methionol at 2.0 ppm or more per 1.0% (W/V) of total nitrogen.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If conventional brewing methods are used to produce soy sauce, then the characteristic soy sauce smell (HEMF) is enhanced, but the soy sauce smell becomes too strong for modern consumer preferences

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesoy sauce smell intensityVSAvoidconsumer acceptance
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the water-to-koji ratio parameter from conventional values to 2.0-4.0 times the volume of koji, and controls fermentation temperature at 20-30°C for 1-7 days. These parameter changes suppress HEMF generation while maintaining other flavor components, resolving the contradiction between characteristic smell and consumer acceptance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary fermentation of koji before mixing with salt and water to create moromi. This preliminary action allows control over enzyme activation and starch conversion before the main fermentation, enabling better control of HEMF formation while preserving desirable flavors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Object-affected harmful factors

If yeast fermentation is suppressed to reduce HEMF generation, then soy sauce smell is reduced, but yeast-derived flavor components like methionol are also lost

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveHEMF contentVSAvoidmethionol content
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial fermentation by controlling the fermentation time (1-7 days) and temperature (20-30°C) to achieve only partial development of HEMF while maintaining sufficient yeast activity for methionol production. This partial action resolves the contradiction by stopping fermentation at an optimal point before excessive HEMF accumulates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent optimizes the water-to-koji ratio to 2.0-4.0 times volume, which creates a specific fermentation environment that favors methionol production while limiting HEMF generation. This parameter change enables selective accumulation of desired flavor components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Object-affected harmful factors

If high temperature digestion is used to suppress yeast fermentation, then HEMF accumulation is avoided, but the soy sauce loses matured umami taste and yeast-derived delicate taste

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveHEMF accumulationVSAvoidflavor quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses periodic fermentation at moderate temperatures (20-30°C) over 1-7 days instead of continuous high-temperature digestion. This periodic, controlled fermentation allows gradual development of umami and delicate yeast flavors while preventing excessive HEMF accumulation, maintaining flavor quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/thermal approach (high-temperature digestion) with a biochemical approach (controlled enzymatic fermentation at moderate temperatures). This substitution preserves heat-sensitive flavor compounds while still controlling HEMF formation through biochemical pathways.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This process produces a soy sauce with a reduced soy sauce smell, excellent masking abilities for unpleasant flavors, a rich flavor profile, and a very light color, while maintaining the umami taste and yeast-derived delicate taste, suitable for use as a condiment.

Implementation Method 1

inoculation and culturing of a koji mold therein to make a soy sauce koji, addition (mixing) of an aqueous common salt solution thereto to make a soy sauce moromi, fermentation and maturation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrolysis: Hydrolysis

Implementation Method 2

fermentation and maturation, press-filtration to make a clear liquid, and pasteurisation (sterilzation under heating)... HEMF serving as a high boiling component of soy sauce is efficiently removed by decompression, absorption, or the like... HEMF is generated and accumulated by soy sauce yeast fermentation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFermentation: Fermentation

Implementation Method 3

heat denaturation of either soybeans alone or a combination of soybeans and grains such as cereals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat treatment: Heating

Implementation Method 4

press-filtration to make a clear liquid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFiltration: Filter (physical)

Implementation Method 5

pasteurisation (sterilzation under heating)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPasteurization: Heating

Data Source

PatentUS8173185B2Fermented soy sauce with less soy sauce flavor and process for producing the same
Publication Date: 2012.05.08 KIKKOMAN CORP

AI summary

It is intended to provide a means for obtaining a novel soy sauce with less soy sauce smell and having a rich flavor although it is a brewed soy sauce. More particularly, it is intended to provide a process for producing such a brewed soy sauce, comprising: preparing a soy sauce koji; preparing a soy sauce moromi by adding an aqueous common salt solution to the soy sauce koji at a ratio of water within 170% to 450% (V/V); fermenting and maturating the soy sauce moromi; adding either a soy sauce koji alone or a combination of a soy sauce koji and an aqueous common salt solution to the soy sauce moromi during the fermentation and maturation; and further fermenting and maturating the soy sauce moromi after the addition thereof.