Space-fed conformal antenna array for airships

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Solution Overview

Problem

Airborne sensor arrays face challenges in weight and power limitations, requiring innovative designs to optimize performance while minimizing these constraints.

Innovation Solution

A space-fed conformal antenna array for high-altitude airships, employing a dual-band shared aperture design with a lens or reflective array configuration, utilizing a large number of radiating elements and digital beamforming to reduce RF insertion loss and distribute power efficiently, along with phase shifter and switch circuits for beam steering.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Weight of moving object

If a traditional airborne sensor array is used, then the array can provide sensor coverage, but the weight and power consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearray weightVSAvoidsensor coverage
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces traditional RF feed networks with optical waveguides for signal distribution. Optical waveguides have lower loss and lighter weight compared to RF transmission lines, directly addressing the weight and power consumption issues while maintaining sensor array coverage and functionality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The airship platform serves multiple functions: it provides the sensor array mounting structure, acts as a stable atmospheric platform for extended surveillance, and enables dual-band operation. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate support systems, thereby reducing overall weight while maintaining comprehensive sensor coverage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Loss of energy

If a space-fed conformal array is used, then power distribution efficiency improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveRF insertion lossVSAvoidarray configuration
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces optical waveguides as intermediary elements between the power source and radiating elements. These waveguides efficiently transmit power with minimal loss and can be routed through the airship structure, reducing RF insertion loss while the modular lens array configuration manages the complexity through standardized components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The array is divided into multiple radiating elements arranged in a conformal configuration on the airship surface. Each element can be independently controlled through digital beamforming, allowing efficient power distribution to only active elements and reducing overall energy loss while managing system complexity through modular segmentation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Adaptability or versatility

If dual-band operation is implemented, then versatility improves, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveband operation capabilityVSAvoidarray fabrication
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The lens array is designed with elements that can operate across multiple frequency bands (dual-band operation). The same physical structure and radiating elements serve both frequency ranges, achieving versatility without requiring separate arrays for each band. This universal design simplifies manufacturing compared to building multiple specialized arrays

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent achieves dual-band operation by carefully selecting and adjusting geometric parameters of the radiating elements and lens structure. By modifying dimensions, spacing, and material properties, the array resonates at multiple frequencies simultaneously, enabling versatile operation while maintaining a single manufacturable design rather than requiring complex multi-structure implementations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables efficient antenna coverage with reduced weight and power consumption, achieving effective signal-to-noise ratio and minimizing spillover, while allowing for dual-band operation and flexible beam steering.

Implementation Method 1

A space-fed conformal array for a high altitude airship may be provided. The array may be fed, for example, by a lens or reflective array

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLens focusing: Lens

Implementation Method 2

A space-fed conformal array for a high altitude airship may be provided. The array may be fed, for example, by a lens or reflective array

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 3

phase shifter and switch circuits for beam steering

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase shifting:

Implementation Method 4

utilizing a large number of radiating elements and digital beamforming

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP2047557B1Airship mounted array
Publication Date: 2016.10.12 RAYTHEON CO
  • EP2047557B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2B
  • EP2047557B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2047557B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

A space-fed conformal array for a high altitude airship (10) includes a primary array lens assembly adapted for conformal mounting to a non-planar airship surface (12). The lens assembly includes a first set of radiator elements and a second set of radiator elements, the first set and the second set spaced apart by a spacing distance. The first set of radiators faces outwardly from the airship surface to provide a radiating aperture. The second set of radiators faces inwardly toward an inner space of the airship, for illumination by a feed array (52) spaced from the second set of radiators.