Spacecraft Proximity Electrostatic Discharge Mitigation With Plasma

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing systems fail to effectively mitigate electrostatic discharge between spacecraft during docking or proximity operations, posing a risk of damage to electronic components.

Innovation Solution

A passive electrostatic discharge mitigation system using an RL circuit with resistive and inductive elements, and an active system generating a plasma field to equalize static potentials, reducing the risk of discharge and protecting spacecraft components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If spacecraft approach each other for docking or proximity operations, then servicing and maintenance capabilities are improved, but the risk of electrostatic discharge damage to electronic components increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespacecraft servicing capabilityVSAvoidelectrostatic discharge risk
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A plasma field is generated in the space between the first and second spacecraft to serve as an intermediary medium. This plasma field provides a conductive path that allows gradual equalization of static electrical potentials between the two spacecraft, preventing sudden electrostatic discharge while enabling safe proximity operations and docking

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The electrical state of the space between spacecraft is changed from a non-conductive vacuum to a conductive plasma state. By ionizing the gas molecules in the intervening space, the plasma field alters the electrical parameters (conductivity, charge distribution) to enable controlled potential equalization and eliminate electrostatic discharge hazards

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If electrostatic discharge occurs between spacecraft, then electronic components may be damaged, but implementing mitigation systems increases system complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectronic component protectionVSAvoidmitigation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The mitigation approach replaces traditional mechanical or electrical contact-based discharge protection systems with a plasma field generation system. Instead of using physical conductors or complex circuitry to manage electrostatic discharge, the system uses electromagnetic energy to create and sustain a plasma field that naturally provides potential equalization and discharge protection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The systems efficiently convert static voltage differentials into heat and reduce discharge amplitudes, minimizing component damage by equalizing static charges, providing redundancy and protection against arcing.

Implementation Method 1

an active system generating a plasma field to equalize static potentials

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasma: Plasma

Implementation Method 2

electrostatic discharge mitigation between a first space vehicle and a second space vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic Discharge: Electrostatic Discharge

Implementation Method 3

The systems efficiently convert static voltage differentials into heat and reduce discharge amplitudes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule Heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP4342803B1Electrostatic discharge mitigation for a first spacecraft operating in proximity to a second spacecraft and related methods
Publication Date: 2025.09.03 NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP
  • EP4342803B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4342803B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4342803B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods and systems for mitigating or reducing the risk of an electrostatic discharge due to static charge differentials between a first spacecraft and a second spacecraft as the first spacecraft approaches the second spacecraft may be accomplished using a passive electrostatic discharge mitigation device. In some embodiments, mitigation of static potential between the first spacecraft and the second spacecraft may be actively accomplished by an electric propulsion system provided on the first spacecraft. In some embodiments, mitigation may be provided by both actively and passively mitigating static potential between the first spacecraft and the second spacecraft.