SPAD Light-Receiving Pixels with Shielding and Light Guidance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing distance measurement sensors using single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) face uncertainty in background light detection by reference pixels.

Innovation Solution

A light receiving device and distance measurement system with a configuration that includes a first pixel with a light shielding member and a second pixel with a light guiding unit between the light receiving element and the light emission source, ensuring accurate light reception by the reference pixel.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a light shielding member is provided between the light receiving element and the light emission source, then measurement precision is improved by blocking unwanted light, but device complexity increases due to additional components

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement accuracyVSAvoidpixel structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the light shielding function with the pixel structure itself by making the light shielding member an integral part of the pixel configuration. The light shielding member is positioned between the light receiving element and light emission source within the same pixel, combining measurement and shielding functions in a unified structure rather than adding separate shielding components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a light guiding unit that redirects light from the light emission source to the light receiving element through a different spatial path. By adding this dimensional routing element, the system enables precise light control without requiring complex multi-layer shielding structures, resolving the contradiction between measurement precision and device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Reliability

If a light guiding unit is provided to propagate photons from the light emission source to the light receiving element, then light reception reliability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight reception reliabilityVSAvoidpixel structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The light guiding unit serves multiple functions simultaneously: it guides light from the emission source to the receiving element, defines the optical path, and works in conjunction with the light shielding member to block unwanted light. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate components, improving reliability while limiting the increase in device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The light guiding unit acts as an intermediary element between the light emission source and light receiving element, mediating the light transmission process. This intermediary structure enables reliable light propagation through a controlled path without requiring direct line-of-sight alignment, thereby improving reliability while maintaining a manageable device structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Measurement precision

If reference pixels are used to detect background light, then measurement precision is improved, but uncertainty remains in background light detection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebackground light detection accuracyVSAvoidbackground light detection reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different structural qualities to different pixel types within the same array. Reference pixels are equipped with both light shielding members and light guiding units, creating a localized optimized structure specifically for background light detection. This local quality enhancement ensures that reference pixels can accurately detect background light without being affected by stray light from the emission source, improving both precision and reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Ensures reliable light reception by the reference pixel, reducing uncertainty and improving the accuracy of distance measurements.

Implementation Method 1

a light guiding unit that is configured to propagate a photon and is provided between the light receiving element and the light emission source

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight propagation: Light

Implementation Method 2

Some of such distance measurement sensors use a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) as a pixel... if one photon enters a high-field PN junction region in a state in which a voltage larger than a breakdown voltage is applied, avalanche amplification occurs

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 3

a first pixel including a light shielding member provided between the light receiving element and the light emission source

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight absorption/shielding: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP3919932B1Light receiving device and ranging system
Publication Date: 2025.08.06 SONY SEMICON SOLUTIONS CORP
  • EP3919932B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3919932B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3919932B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present technology relates to a light receiving device and a distance measurement system that enable light to be surely received by a reference pixel. A light receiving device includes a plurality of pixels each including a light receiving element having a light receiving surface, and a light emission source provided on an opposite side of the light receiving surface with respect to the light receiving element. The plurality of pixels includes a first pixel including a light shielding member provided between the light receiving element and the light emission source, and a second pixel including a light guiding unit that is configured to propagate a photon and is provided between the light receiving element and the light emission source. The present technology can be applied to a distance measurement system or the like that detects a distance to a subject in a depth direction, for example, for example.