SPAD Quantum Random Number Generation for Noise Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current encryption systems rely on predictable patterns rather than truly random numbers, making them vulnerable to reverse-engineering, and existing quantum random number generators struggle to separate quantum signals from classical noise, especially in modern electronics.
Innovation Solution
A quantum random number generator using single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) to convert photons into electrical pulses with random time intervals, generating a random binary stream through an output circuit with adjustable voltage threshold control, ensuring true randomness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If hardware random number generators utilize a natural entropy source, then randomness is improved, but the ability to separate quantum signals from classical noise deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system divides the detection process into separate functional components: a first detector measures a first property of the quantum signal while a second detector measures a second property. This segmentation allows each detector to be optimized for its specific measurement task, improving the ability to separate quantum signals from classical noise while maintaining high randomness quality
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary processing stage that receives measurements from both detectors and processes them to generate the random number. This intermediary layer separates the raw quantum signal measurements from the final random number output, allowing for noise filtering and signal validation without compromising the inherent randomness of the quantum source
2Ease of manufacture
If encryption algorithms use predictable patterns, then implementation simplicity is improved, but security deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses the quantum signal's inherent properties to automatically generate high-quality random numbers without requiring complex post-processing or external entropy sources. The quantum measurement process itself provides sufficient randomness, allowing the system to maintain security while keeping the implementation relatively simple
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of entropy source quality by transitioning from classical pseudo-random number generators to quantum-based generators. This parameter change provides true randomness with inherent unpredictability, dramatically improving encryption security while the modular design keeps implementation complexity manageable
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides a robust and secure method for generating truly random numbers, enhancing encryption security by producing unpredictable random keys resistant to reverse-engineering and improving the separation of quantum signals from classical noise.
Implementation Method 1
receiving, at a first single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), a first series of photons, converting, by the first SPAD, the first series of photons into a first series of electrical pulses
Implementation Method 2
single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)... converting, by the first SPAD, the first series of photons into a first series of electrical pulses
Data Source
AI summary
A system and method for random number generation. The method includes receiving, at a first single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), a first series of photons, converting, by the first SPAD, the first series of photons into a first series of electrical pulses comprising a first random time interval between each pulse of the first series of electrical pulses, and outputting, by an output circuit in communication with the first SPAD, a random binary stream based at least in part on the first series of electrical pulses. A system is provided for generating random numbers including one or more SPADs, one or more associated quenching circuits, and output electronics configured to adjust thresholds, combine signals generated by an array of SPADS, condition signals, and output a stream of generated random numbers.