Spade Drill Blade Stepped Cutting Structure for Stable Drilling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing spade drill blades and combined blades used in machining are prone to damage, instability, and low drilling precision due to their single co-located cutting structure, which is not balanced and subjected to double forces, leading to inefficient machining processes.
Innovation Solution
The spade drill blade and combined blade designs incorporate micro strengthened stepping tables and protruding stepped cutting surfaces, which form micro strengthened side cutting edges and stepped cutting edges, respectively, along with chamfered edges and positioning features, to enhance strength, heat dissipation, and drilling accuracy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a single co-located cutting structure is used, then the structure is simple, but the cutting edge is easy to damage due to double forces and low drilling precision
Solution Approach 1:
The cutting structure is segmented into multiple cutting edges (first cutting edge, second cutting edge, third cutting edge, fourth cutting edge) distributed around the drill blade periphery. Each cutting edge operates independently to reduce mutual interference and force concentration, thereby improving reliability while maintaining structural simplicity through modular arrangement.
Solution Approach 2:
The cutting edges are positioned asymmetrically at different angular locations around the drill blade rather than being co-located. This asymmetric distribution balances the centrifugal force transmission and rotary cutting force, preventing the cutting lip from being subjected to concentrated double forces, thus enhancing cutting edge durability.
2Ease of manufacture
If the cutting structure is not absolutely balanced, then the structure is simpler to manufacture, but the tool swings during drilling causing low stability
Solution Approach 1:
The drill blade incorporates balancing weights positioned opposite to the cutting edges to counterbalance the centrifugal force generated during rotation. This counterweight mechanism achieves absolute balance without complex manufacturing, eliminating tool swinging and ensuring drilling stability while maintaining ease of manufacture through simple weight addition.
3Strength
If the cutting surface is made smoother, then the surface strength is perceived to be higher, but heat dissipation efficiency is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The cutting surface incorporates a porous structure with controlled voids and channels that enhance heat dissipation efficiency through increased surface area and improved fluid circulation. The porous architecture maintains structural strength by distributing stress across the framework while facilitating efficient thermal management, countering the misconception that smooth surfaces are always stronger.
4Ease of manufacture
If traditional cutting structures are used, then the manufacturing process is simpler, but drilling efficiency is low with limited rotating speed and feed rate
Solution Approach 1:
The cutting edges are designed with dynamic geometry featuring variable angles and profiles optimized for different cutting stages. The first and second cutting edges have different angular positions and profiles from the third and fourth cutting edges, enabling optimized material removal at high rotating speeds and feed rates while maintaining ease of manufacture through standardized geometric features.
Data Source
AI summary
Provide are a spade drill blade and a combined blade. The spade drill blade includes cutting surfaces, cutting grooves, rear cutting surfaces, secondary cutting surfaces, cutting edges, secondary edges, a chisel edge, and side edges. One or more micro strengthened stepping tables are integrally erected on the cutting surface and each intersect with the rear cutting surface to form a micro strengthened side cutting edge; and a protruding stepped cutting surface is integrally formed on an inner side of each micro strengthened stepping table and intersects with the rear cutting surface to form a stepped cutting edge. On a cutting surface of the combined blade, one or more micro strengthened stepping tables are integrally erected in an axial direction of a rotation center of the combined blade and each intersect with the rear cutting surface to form a micro strengthened side cutting edge.