Wind Turbine Spar Cap Bonding with Heat-Activated Silane Primer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for bonding wind turbine blade components, particularly the spar cap to the shell, face challenges such as reduced adhesion strength due to moisture sensitivity of isocyanate-based primers, high flammability, and health hazards from dust and noise, necessitating improved and safer bonding processes.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the use of a silane-containing primer composition applied to the spar cap surface, followed by heat activation and co-infusion with resin, forming strong bonds without the need for surface grinding, resulting in up to five times higher bond strength and improved fracture toughness.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional adhesive bonding procedures are used on GFRP and NFRP substrates, then the bonding process is simple, but the adhesive bonding strength is insufficient and delamination occurs under fatigue loading

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadhesive bonding strengthVSAvoidbonding process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing plasma treatment on the GFRP and NFRP substrates before adhesive bonding. This pre-treatment modifies the surface properties of the substrates to enhance adhesion, preventing delamination under fatigue loading while maintaining a relatively simple overall process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of the substrate surfaces through plasma treatment. The treatment alters surface energy, roughness, and chemical composition, creating optimal conditions for adhesive bonding and significantly improving bonding strength without requiring complex bonding procedures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If conventional adhesive bonding is used without surface treatment, then the bonding process is fast, but the adhesive bond fails under moisture and fatigue conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadhesive bond reliabilityVSAvoidsurface preparation time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

Plasma treatment is applied as a preliminary step to prepare the substrate surfaces. This treatment creates a more reliable adhesive bond by modifying surface properties, and the relatively short plasma treatment duration minimizes time loss compared to conventional surface preparation methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical surface preparation methods (such as sanding or grinding) with plasma treatment. This substitution provides more reliable surface modification for adhesive bonding while requiring less time and producing a cleaner, more consistent surface

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Strength

If plasma treatment is applied to GFRP and NFRP substrates, then adhesive bonding strength improves significantly, but the process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadhesive bonding strengthVSAvoidmanufacturing ease
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical surface preparation procedures with plasma treatment. This substitution achieves superior adhesive bonding strength while simplifying the manufacturing process, as plasma treatment can be applied automatically and requires less manual intervention than traditional mechanical methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method provides a safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly bonding process with enhanced adhesion between the spar cap and shell, reducing costs and environmental impact while maintaining structural integrity.

Implementation Method 1

A method for improving the adhesive bonding of wind turbine blade components is provided. The method comprises the steps of: a) providing a blade component comprising a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is made of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) or natural fibre reinforced plastic (NFRP); b) treating at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate with plasma; c) applying an adhesive to at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; and d) joining the first substrate and the second substrate using the adhesive.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasma treatment: Plasma

Data Source

PatentEP4532182B1Method of improving the adhesive bonding of wind turbine blade components
Publication Date: 2026.04.29 LM WIND POWER AS
  • EP4532182B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4532182B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4532182B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A method is provided of manufacturing a wind turbine blade shell member (36, 38), the method comprising the steps of providing a blade mould (96) for the blade shell member, arranging one or more layers of fibre material in the moulding cavity to provide a fibre layup (97), and providing a pre-manufactured spar cap member (62). The surface of the spar cap member is treated with a primer composition to provide a primer-treated surface. Heat is then applied to the primer-treated surface of the spar cap member to provide an activated surface, for improving the bonding in a subsequent resin co-infusion of the spar cap member and the fibre layup.