Spark Plug Center Electrode Edge Cutting for Heat Conduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

The existing self-cleaning spark plugs face a reduction in heat conduction and self-cleaning performance due to the compression of the heat-conducting core member when its edge is formed by forging, which reduces the cross-sectional area and affects the ignition and carbon removal efficiency.

Innovation Solution

The spark plug design involves forming the edge of the electrode base member by cutting, maintaining a large cross-sectional area of the core member and enhancing the self-cleaning performance by creating sharp, non-rounded corners and strategically positioning the edge relative to the core member, thereby improving heat radiation and carbon removal.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the edge is formed by thinning a part of the electrode base member by forging, then the self-cleaning performance is improved, but the cross section of the core member is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveself-cleaning performanceVSAvoidcross section of core member
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSArea of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The electrode base member is divided into two distinct parts: a main body portion and a thinning portion. The thinning portion is specifically removed to create the edge while leaving the core member intact. This segmentation allows the edge to be formed without compromising the cross-sectional area of the heat-conducting core member, thereby maintaining both self-cleaning performance and heat conduction capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The thinning portion of the electrode base member is extracted or removed through cutting or grinding processes. This extraction creates the sharp edge necessary for self-cleaning performance while preserving the core member's cross section. The removed material is specifically the excess base member material that would otherwise compress the core member during forging.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Ease of manufacture

If the core member cross section is reduced, then the manufacturing process is simplified, but the heat radiation performance is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing process simplicityVSAvoidheat radiation performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The manufacturing process is segmented into distinct steps: first forming the electrode base member with the thinning portion, then cutting or grinding to create the edge. This segmentation allows the core member to maintain its full cross-sectional area throughout the process, ensuring heat radiation performance is not compromised while still achieving the desired edge geometry.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The traditional forging process that compresses the core member is replaced with cutting or grinding processes that remove material from the electrode base member without applying compressive forces to the core member. This substitution maintains the core member's cross-sectional area and heat conduction capability while still creating the necessary edge geometry.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach maintains high self-cleaning and heat radiation performance by ensuring the core member retains a large cross-sectional area, effectively burning off carbon deposits and maintaining ignition efficiency even with reduced insulation resistance.

Implementation Method 1

The core member has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the electrode base member

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

Carbon that has adhered to the insulator is burnt off by a micro discharge starting at the boundary (edge) between the two surfaces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical discharge: Electric Spark

Data Source

PatentEP3285343B1Spark plug
Publication Date: 2020.04.29 NITERRA CO LTD
  • EP3285343B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3285343B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3285343B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A center electrode including an electrode base member having a cylindrical shape with a bottom and a core member embedded in the electrode base member. The core member has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the electrode base member. The center electrode includes a plurality of shoulder portions which each include a diameter reducing portion having a diameter that decreases toward a front end of the spark plug in a direction of an axial line, an outer side surface that extends in the direction of the axial line, and an edge disposed between the diameter reducing portion and the outer side surface. One of the shoulder portions closest to an inner surface of the axial hole has a cutting mark that extends in a circumferential direction over a region from the diameter reducing portion to the edge.