Sparse Coding Dictionary Priming for Video Encoding

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing video coding methods are inefficient in transmitting high-resolution video over limited bandwidth channels due to sensitivity to initialization in sparse coding dictionary training, leading to suboptimal selection of codewords for encoding and decoding.

Innovation Solution

The method involves iteratively training a sparse coding dictionary by identifying a sampling index cardinality, decomposing a video stream portion, and updating codewords based on their correlation, progressively increasing the sampling index cardinality to achieve a greedy method and improve the selection of codewords for encoding and decoding.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional sparse coding dictionary training is used, then the encoding and decoding process can be performed, but the selection of codewords is suboptimal due to sensitivity to initialization

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecodeword selection accuracyVSAvoidtraining initialization sensitivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing an initialization phase before the main dictionary training process. This initialization step prepares the dictionary with a set of codewords derived from training data, ensuring that subsequent training iterations start from a favorable state rather than random initialization, thereby reducing sensitivity to initialization and improving codeword selection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms where the training process continuously evaluates the performance of selected codewords and adjusts the dictionary accordingly. The training iterations use feedback from reconstruction errors and codeword selection statistics to refine the dictionary, ensuring that codewords are selected based on actual performance rather than initial random assignments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Measurement precision

If the sampling index cardinality is increased to improve codeword selection, then the representation accuracy improves, but the computational complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevideo stream representation accuracyVSAvoiddictionary training complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the sampling index cardinality a dynamic parameter that changes during training iterations. The cardinality is adjusted based on training progress and performance metrics, allowing the system to start with lower complexity and progressively increase accuracy requirements, thereby balancing computational complexity with representation accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses partial action by selecting a subset of codewords (with cardinality less than the total dictionary size) for each training iteration. This partial selection approach reduces computational complexity compared to using all codewords, while still achieving good representation accuracy through iterative refinement of the selected subset.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Productivity

If a larger fraction of training data is used to train the dictionary, then the encoding efficiency improves, but the training time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevideo encoding efficiencyVSAvoiddictionary training time
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies periodic action by processing training data in periodic batches or iterations rather than using all data continuously. Each iteration processes a portion of the training data, updates the dictionary, and then moves to the next iteration. This periodic processing allows the system to achieve good encoding efficiency with a representative subset of training data while controlling training time through iterative refinement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Data Source

PatentUS9288484B1Sparse coding dictionary priming
Publication Date: 2016.03.15 GOOGLE LLC
  • US9288484B1 patent drawing
  • US9288484B1 patent drawing
  • US9288484B1 patent drawing

AI summary

A method and apparatus for performing sparse coding dictionary priming are disclosed. Sparse coding dictionary priming may include iteratively training a coding dictionary, which may include a plurality of codewords or bases. Iteratively training the coding dictionary may include identifying a sampling index cardinality, identifying a portion of a video stream, decomposing the portion of the video stream, and updating the codeword based on the portion of the video stream. Decomposing the portion of the video stream may include randomly identifying a set of codewords from the plurality of codewords wherein a cardinality of the set of codewords is the sampling index cardinality and wherein the sampling index cardinality is less a cardinality of the plurality of codewords, and determining a codeword having a maximum correlation with the portion of the video stream from the set of codewords.