Sparse X-ray Detector Array with Iterative Reconstruction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional X-ray imaging systems, particularly those using projection imaging, struggle to reliably detect and characterize thin objects, especially when they are packaged with other objects, due to the lack of distinct pixel groups in projection images, leading to incomplete or inaccurate object characterization.
Innovation Solution
The use of a sparse detector array in conjunction with iterative reconstruction methods, such as the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART), to form volumetric images from multiple radiation measurements from different angles, allowing for the detection of thin objects by compensating for the reduced number of detectors with advanced image processing techniques.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a full detector array is used, then measurement precision and image quality are improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by using a sparse detector array that captures only a subset of the measurements that would be obtained with a full detector array. Instead of measuring all possible projection angles and positions, the system selectively measures only those projections needed to reconstruct the volumetric image, thereby reducing detector requirements while maintaining adequate image quality through iterative reconstruction algorithms
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical/physical solution of using a large number of detectors with a computational solution. Iterative reconstruction algorithms process the limited measurements from the sparse detector array to reconstruct volumetric images, substituting computational complexity for physical detector complexity and achieving comparable image quality with fewer detectors
2Device complexity
If projection imaging is used, then system simplicity is maintained, but detection reliability of thin objects deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from two-dimensional projection imaging to three-dimensional volumetric imaging. By acquiring measurements from multiple angles and reconstructing volumetric data, the system enables detection of thin objects that would be indistinguishable in 2D projection images, as the volumetric representation preserves depth information and allows visualization of objects along the beam path
3Reliability
If multiple measurements from different angles are taken, then thin object detection reliability is improved, but measurement time and productivity decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by measuring only the necessary projections from multiple angles rather than acquiring complete data sets at all possible angles. The sparse detector array combined with iterative reconstruction allows the system to obtain sufficient angular information for reliable thin object detection while minimizing the number of measurements required, thereby balancing detection reliability with imaging speed
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables the cost-effective production of accurate volumetric images, reducing the number of detectors required and maintaining image quality, while also reducing the overall cost and size of the imaging system, effectively addressing the limitations of conventional systems in detecting thin objects.
Implementation Method 1
X-ray imaging typically includes passing high-energy radiation (i.e., X-rays) through an object to be imaged. X-rays from a source passing through the object interact with the internal structures of the object and are altered according to various characteristics of the material (e.g., transmission, scattering and diffraction characteristics, etc.). By measuring changes (e.g., attenuation) in the X-ray radiation that exits the object, information related to material through which the radiation passed may be obtained
Data Source
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AI summary
A system and method for imaging objects with a sparse detector array that includes fewer detectors than conventional x-ray scanning systems. The sparse detector array is positioned to receive x-ray radiation from the at least one x-ray source after passing through an inspection area. The sparse detector array includes a plurality of rows of detector elements, wherein at least some of the plurality of rows are separated by gaps such that the at least some of the plurality of rows are non-contiguous. An iterative reconstruction process is used to determine a volumetric image of the object from the radiation measurements recorded by the detectors in the sparse detector array.