Multi-element Spatial Filter for High Power Laser Beam Quality

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Solution Overview

Problem

High power lasers face issues with beam quality degradation due to intensity and wavefront variations caused by imperfections in laser optics, leading to optical damage and decreased beam intensity, which conventional pinhole spatial filters cannot adequately address without causing sputtering, pinhole closure, and contamination problems.

Innovation Solution

A multi-element spatial filter system utilizing overlapping sets of cylindrical-lens telescopes or astigmatic lenses paired with orthogonal slit filters, which effectively filter out high-spatial-frequency variations and maintain beam quality by reducing beam intensity at the filters, preventing plasma generation and optical damage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If a pinhole spatial filter is used to improve beam quality, then wavefront uniformity is improved, but the pinhole experiences sputtering and closure due to high beam intensity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewavefront uniformityVSAvoidpinhole durability
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The single pinhole filter is segmented into multiple pinholes arranged in a specific pattern. This segmentation distributes the high beam intensity across multiple smaller apertures, preventing any single pinhole from experiencing excessive intensity that would cause sputtering and closure, while collectively maintaining the spatial filtering function to improve wavefront uniformity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A telescope system consisting of two lenses is introduced as an intermediary between the laser beam and the pinhole array. The telescope transforms the beam profile and reduces the intensity at the pinhole plane while maintaining the spatial filtering effect, thereby protecting the pinholes from damage caused by high intensity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Stability of the object's composition

If a pinhole spatial filter is used to remove high-spatial-frequency variations, then beam quality is improved, but contamination problems occur due to sputtering

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam qualityVSAvoidcontamination
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The pinhole is divided into multiple smaller pinholes in an array configuration. This segmentation reduces the intensity concentration at each individual pinhole, minimizing sputtering of material from the pinhole edges and thereby reducing contamination of the optical system while still achieving effective spatial filtering of high-spatial-frequency variations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The pinhole array is designed as a disposable or easily replaceable component. Given that the pinholes will eventually degrade from sputtering, the array can be manufactured inexpensively and replaced when necessary, rather than attempting to protect expensive, complex optical systems from contamination

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Reliability

If beam intensity is reduced at the filter to prevent plasma generation, then optical damage is prevented, but beam quality improvement is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical system safetyVSAvoidbeam quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The beam intensity is segmented across multiple pinholes rather than concentrated in a single pinhole. Each pinhole experiences reduced intensity that prevents plasma generation and optical damage, while the collective effect of the pinhole array maintains the spatial filtering capability to improve beam quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple pinholes are merged into a unified filtering structure that works collectively. The combined effect of the pinhole array provides both the intensity distribution needed to prevent plasma generation and the spatial filtering function needed to improve beam quality, achieving both goals simultaneously

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution significantly reduces beam intensity at the filters, preventing plasma production and optical damage, while maintaining beam quality and reducing vacuum requirements, thus lowering operational costs and system maintenance needs.

Implementation Method 1

The first set of cylindrical lenses are oriented orthogonally... The second set of cylindrical lenses are oriented orthogonally

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFocusing: Focusing

Implementation Method 2

pinholes have been utilized to spatially filter the laser beam, removing high-spatial-frequency wavefront and intensity variations

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSpatial filtering: Spatial Filter

Implementation Method 3

a set of apertures disposed along the beam path. The set of apertures are oriented orthogonally

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption filtering: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP2498348B1Spatial filters for high average power lasers
Publication Date: 2018.06.06 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NAT SECURITY LLC
  • EP2498348B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2498348B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP2498348B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A double pass amplifier is disclosed, comprising: a gain medium (530) having an input portion and a reflective portion; a reflective element (532) optically coupled to the reflective portion; a beam path optically coupled to the input portion; a first set of cylindrical lenses (520,522) disposed along the beam path, wherein the first set of cylindrical lenses are oriented orthogonally; a set of apertures (540,542,544,546) disposed along the beam path, wherein the set of apertures are oriented orthogonally; a second set of cylindrical lenses (550,552) disposed along the beam path, wherein the second set of cylindrical lenses are oriented orthogonally; and an injection mirror (548) positioned between the set of apertures and the second set of cylindrical lenses.